Caelidracones

Caelidracones; Temporal range: Middle Jurassic–Late Cretaceous, 164–66 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Replica of Geosternbergia sternbergi skeletons, female (left) and male (right)
	Skeletal reconstruction of Tropeognathus mesembrinus in the National Museum of Brazil
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Order:	†Pterosauria
Clade:	†Pterodactyliformes
Clade:	†Caelidracones; Unwin, 2003
Subgroups[1]
	†Anurognathidae; †Pterodactyloidea;

The clade Caelidracones was defined in 2003 by David Unwin as the group consisting of the last common ancestor of Anurognathus ammoni and Quetzalcoatlus northropi, and all its descendants.[3]

The Caelidracones is a group of pterosaurs.[2]

The name Caelidracones means "sky dragons" from Latin caelum, "heaven", and draco, "dragon" and is a reference to Harry Govier Seeley's 1901 book, Dragons of the Air.

Classification

In Unwin's original classification, the Caelidracones were considered the sister group of the Dimorphodontidae within the Macronychoptera and consist of the Anurognathidae and the Lonchognatha.[3] More recent studies of pterosaur relationships have found anurognathids and pterodactyloids to be sister groups, which would limit Caelidracones to just those two clades.[1]

Below is a cladogram showing the results of a phylogenetic analysis presented by Longrich, Martill, and Andres, 2018. This study found the two traditional groupings of ctenochasmatoids and kin as an early branching group, with all other pterodactyloids grouped into the Eupterodactyloidea.[4]

Caelidracones

Archaeopterodactyloidea

Germanodactylidae

Euctenochasmatia

	Pterodactylus

	Ctenochasmatoidea

Piksi

	Ornithocheiromorpha

	Pteranodontia

Azhdarchoidea

	Tapejaromorpha

	Neoazhdarchia

References

Andres, B.; Myers, T. S. (2013). "Lone Star Pterosaurs". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 103 (3–4): 383–398. doi:10.1017/S1755691013000303.
"†unranked clade Caelidracones Unwin 2003 (pterosaur)". Paleobiology Database. Fossilworks. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
Unwin, D. M. (2003). "On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 217 (1): 139–190. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.217.01.11.
Longrich, N.R., Martill, D.M., and Andres, B. (2018). Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. PLoS Biology, 16(3): e2001663. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663

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[LoneStarPterosaurs-1] Andres, B.; Myers, T. S. (2013). "Lone Star Pterosaurs". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 103 (3–4): 383–398. doi:10.1017/S1755691013000303.

[2] "†unranked clade Caelidracones Unwin 2003 (pterosaur)". Paleobiology Database. Fossilworks. Retrieved 27 April 2016.

[Unwin-3] Unwin, D. M. (2003). "On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 217 (1): 139–190. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.217.01.11.

[longrichetal2018-4] Longrich, N.R., Martill, D.M., and Andres, B. (2018). Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. PLoS Biology, 16(3): e2001663. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663