List of the Cenozoic life of South Carolina
This list of the Cenozoic life of South Carolina contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of South Carolina and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.
A
- †Abra
- †Abra aequalis
- †Abra angulata
- Acanthocardia
Shell of an Acanthocardia cockle- †Acanthocardia claibornense
- Acteocina
- †Acteocina canaliculata
- Acteon
- †Acteon elegans
- †Acteon idoneus
- †Acteon pomilius
- †Adeorbis
- †Adocus
Fossilized shell of the Early Cretaceous-Oligocene turtle Adocus - Aequipecten
- Agaronia
- †Agaronia alabamensis
- †Agaronia bombylis
- Agassizia
- †Agassizia inflata
- †Agassizia wilmingtonica
- †Aglyptorhynchus
- †Agomphus
- †Agomphus alabamensis – or unidentified related form
- †Agomphus pectoralis
- †Agorophius
- †Agorophius pygmaeus
- Aligena
- †Aligena aequata
- †Aligena elevata
- Alligator
- †Alligator mississippiensis
A living Alligator mississippiensis, or American alligator
- †Alopecias
- †Alopecias grandis
- Alopias
- †Alopias vulpinus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Altrix
- †Altrix altior
- †Amalthea
- Ammonia
- †Ammonia beccarii
- †Ammonia sobrinus
- Amphistegina
- †Amphistegina gibbosa
- Amusium
- †Amusium mortoni – type locality for species
- Anachis
- †Anachis avara
- Anadara
- †Anadara aequicostata
- †Anadara brasiliana
- †Anadara improcera
- †Anadara lienosa
- †Anadara ovalis
- †Anadara pexata
- †Anadara rustica
- †Anadara transversa
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Shell of an Anadara transversa, or transverse ark clam
- Anatina
- †Anatina anatina
- Ancilla
- †Ancilla ancillops
- †Ancilla scamba
- †Ancilla staminea
- Angaria – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- †Angaria crassa
- Angulogerina
- †Angulogerina occidentalis
- Angulus
- †Angulus texanus
- †Anomalina
- †Anomalina pliocenica – or unidentified comparable form
- Anomia
- †Anomia jugosa
- †Anomia simplex
- Antalis
A shell of an Antalis tusk shell- †Antalis minutistriatum
- Antigona
- †Araloselachus
- †Araloselachus cuspidata
- Arbacia
- †Arbacia improcera
- Arca
- †Arca imbricata
- †Arca incongrua
- †Archaeodelphis – type locality for genus
- †Archaeodelphis patrius – type locality for species
- Architectonica
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A living Architectonica staircase shell sea snail- †Architectonica alveatum
- †Architectonica amoena
- †Architectonica nobilis
- †Architectonica texcarolina
- Arcinella
- Arcopagia
- †Arcopagia raveneli
- †Arcopagia trumani
- Arcoperna
- Arcopsis
- †Arcopsis adamsi
- Arcoscalpellum
- †Arctodus
Restoration of an Arctodus, or short-faced bear, with a human to scale - Argopecten
- †Argopecten comparilis
- †Argopecten gibbus
- †Argopecten irradians
- Argyrotheca
- †Argyrotheca laevis – type locality for species
- †Argyrotheca quadrata
- Artena
- †Artena undulata
- †Ashleycetus – type locality for genus
- †Ashleycetus planicapitis – type locality for species
- †Ashleychelys – type locality for genus
- †Ashleychelys palmeri – type locality for species
- †Aspideretoides
- †Aspideretoides virginianus – or unidentified comparable form
- Astarte
Shell of a modern Astarte bivalve- †Astarte concentrica
- †Astarte floridana
- †Astarte radians
- †Astarte undulata
- †Astarte vaughani
- Astyris
- Athleta
- †Athleta cormacki – tentative report
- †Athleta petrosa
- †Athleta petrosus
- Atrina
- †Atrina cawcawensis
- †Atrina rigida
- †Atrina seminuda
- †Atrina serrata
- †Aturia
Restoration of the Paleocene-Miocene nautiloid cephalopod Aturia- †Aturia alabamensis
- †Aturia laticlava – or unidentified comparable form
- Aulacomya
- †Axiopsis
- †Axiopsis eximia – type locality for species
B
- †Bairdemys
- †Bairdemys healeyorum – type locality for species
- Balaenoptera
Portrait of a living Balaenoptera baleen whale - Balanophyllia
- Balanus
- †Balanus halosydne – type locality for species
- †Balanus peregrinus
- Balcis
- Barbatia
- †Barbatia cuculloides – or unidentified comparable form
- Barnea
- †Barnea costata
- †Barnea truncata
- †Basilosaurus
Life restoration of the Eocene whale Basilosaurus - Basterotia
- †Basterotia elliptica
- †Batequeus
- †Batequeus ducenticostatus
- Bathytormus
- †Bathytormus clarkensis
- †Bathytormus flexurus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Bathytormus protexta
- †Belemnoziphius
- †Belemnoziphius prorops – type locality for species
- Bellucina
- †Bellucina waccamawensis
- Bison
- †Bison antiquus
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene Bison antiquus, or ancient bison
- Bolivina
- †Bolivina lowmani
- †Bolivina marginata
- †Bolivina pseudoplicata
- †Bolivina pseudopunctata
- †Bonellitia
- †Bonellitia garvani
- Boonea
- Bornia
- †Bornia triangula
- †Borophagus
Restoration of two of the Miocene-Pliocene bone-crushing dog genus Borophagus preying on a camel. Jay Matternes (1964).- †Borophagus hilli – or unidentified comparable form
- Borsonia
- Bostrycapulus
- †Bothremys – tentative report
- †Bottosaurus
- †Braarudosphaera
- Brachidontes
- †Brachidontes alabamensis
- †Brachidontes exustus
- Brissus
- †Brissus spatiosus
- Buccella
- †Buccella frigida
- †Buccella mansfieldi
- Bulimina
- †Bulimina patagonica
- Buliminella
- †Buliminella elegantissima
- Bullia
- †Bullia altilis
- †Bullinella
- †Bullinella galba
- Busycon
- †Busycon carica
- †Busycon contrarium
Shell in multiple views of a Sinistrofulgur perversum - †Busycon incile
- †Busycon maximum
- †Busycon perversum
- †Busycotyphis
- †Busycotyphis spiratus
- Busycotypus
- †Busycotypus canaliculatus
- †Busycotypus spiratus
- †Bythaelurus
C
- Cadulus
- †Cadulus thallus
- Caecum
- †Caecum cooperi
- †Caecum ibex
- †Caecum imbricatum
- Caestocorbula
- †Caestocorbula wailesiana
- Calliostoma
A living Calliostoma top sea snail- †Calliostoma aphelium – or unidentified comparable form
- Callista
- †Callista aequora
- †Callista alta
- †Callista neusensis
- †Callista perovata
- Callucina
- †Callucina keenae
- †Calorhadia
- †Calorhadia aequalis
- †Calorhadia bella
- †Calorhadia pharcida
- †Calorhadia semen
- Calotrophon
- Calyptraea
- †Calyptraphorus
- †Calyptraphorus jacksoni – or unidentified comparable form
- Cancellaria
- Canis
- †Canis armbrusteri
- †Canis dirus
Modern mounted skeleton of Canis lupus, the grey wolf, to scale with a fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene wolf Canis dirus, or dire wolf
- Carcharhinus
- †Carcharhinus gibbesi
- Carcharias
- †Carcharias hopei
- †Carcharias macrotus
- Carcharodon
- †Carcharodon hastalis
- †Carcharodon orientalis
- Cardita
- †Cardita gunteri
- Carditamera
- †Carditamera arata
- †Carditamera floridana
- Cardium
- †Cardium sublineatum
- †Caricella
- †Caricella pyruloides
- †Carolia
- †Carolia floridana
- †Carolinacetus – type locality for genus
- †Carolinacetus gingerichi – type locality for species
- †Carolinachelys
- †Carolinachelys wilsoni
- †Carolinapecten
- †Carolinapecten eboreus
- Caryocorbula
- †Caryocorbula caribaea
- †Caryocorbula contracta
- †Caryocorbula densata
- Cassidulina
- †Cassidulina caribeana
- †Cassidulina subglobosa
- Castor
- †Castor canadensis
- †Castoroides
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene giant beaver Castoroides- †Castoroides leiseyorum
- †Castoroides ohioensis – or unidentified comparable form
- Cavilinga
- †Cavilinga trisulcata
- †Cavilinga trisulcatus
- Cerithiella – tentative report
- †Cerithiella bicostellata
- Cerithiopsis
- Cerithium – tentative report
- †Cerithium siliceum
- †Cervalces
- †Cervalces scotti
Life restoration of the Pleistocene Cervalces scotti, or stag-moose
- Cervus
- †Ceterhinops – type locality for genus
- †Ceterhinops longifrons – type locality for species
- Chama
- †Chama congregata
- †Chama corticosa
- †Chama gardnerae
- †Chama monroensis
- †Chama radians
- †Chama richardsi
- Cheilea
- Chelydra
- †Chelydra serpentina
A living Chelydra serpentina, or common snapping turtle
- †Chesaconcavus
- †Chesaconcavus belgradensis – type locality for species
- †Chesapecten
- †Chesapecten jeffersonius
- †Chesapecten madisonius
- †Chiasmolithus
- †Chiasmolithus bidens
- Chicoreus
- †Chicoreus floridanus
- Chione
- †Chione cancellata
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Exteriors (above) and interiors of shells of Chione cancellata venus clams - †Chione cribraria
- †Chione erosa
- Chionopsis
- †Chionopsis intapurpurea
- Chlamys
- †Chlamys biddleana
- †Chlamys burlesonensis
- †Chlamys cawcawensis
- †Chlamys cocoana – or unidentified comparable form
- †Chlamys cookei
- †Chlamys decemnarius
- †Chlamys deshayesii
- †Chlamys membranosa
- †Chlamys membranosus
- †Chlamys solarioides
- †Chlamys wahtubbeana
- †Chlamys wahtubbeanus
- †Choneziphius
Skull- †Choneziphius chonops – type locality for species
- †Choneziphius liops – type locality for species
- †Choneziphius macrops – type locality for species
- †Choneziphius trachops – type locality for species
- Choristodon
- †Choristodon robustus
- Chrysemys
- †Chrysemys floridana
- †Chrysemys scripta
- †Chrysocetus – type locality for genus
- †Chrysocetus healyorum – type locality for species
- Cibicides
- †Cibicides floridanus
- Cidaris
Shell and spines of a Cidaris sea urchin- †Cidaris pratti
- Cinctura
- †Cirostrema
- †Cirostrema nassulum – or unidentified comparable form
- Cirsotrema
- †Cirsotrema spillmani
- Cladocora
- Clavilithes
- †Clavilithes abruptus
- Clavus
- †Clavus lapenotieri – or unidentified related form
- Cliona
- Closia
- †Closia semen
- Coccolithus
Electron micrograph of a Coccolithus alga- †Coccolithus pelagicus
- Cochlespira
- †Cochlespira bella
- †Cochlespirella
- †Cochlespirella nana
- Cochliolepis
- †Cochliolepis holmesi
- †Cochliolepis parasitica
- Coelopleurus
- †Coelopleurus infulatus
- Coluber – or unidentified comparable form
- Columbellopsis
- †Columbellopsis mississippiensis
- Concavus
- Conomitra
- †Conomitra texana
- †Conosaurops – type locality for genus
- †Conosaurops bowmani – type locality for species
- †Conradostrea
- †Conradostrea sculpturata
- Conus
- †Conus adversarius
- †Conus cormacki
- †Conus delessertii
Shell in multiple views of a Conasprella delessertii (formerly Conus delessertii), or Sozon's cone sea snail - †Conus jaspideus
- †Conus marylandicus
- †Conus sauridens
- †Conus smithvillensis
- Coralliophila
- †Coralliophila leonensis
- Corbicula
- †Corbicula densata
- Corbula
- †Corbula alabamiensis
- †Corbula chipolana – or unidentified comparable form
- †Corbula extenuata
- †Corbula fossata
- †Corbula inaequalis
- †Coronia
- †Coronia carodenta
- †Coronia childreni
- †Coronia ludocarola
- †Coronodon – type locality for genus
- †Coronodon havensteini – type locality for species
- †Costaglycymeris
- †Costaglycymeris subovata
- †Cotylocara – type locality for genus
- †Cotylocara macei – type locality for species
- †Coupatezia
- †Coupatezia woutersi
- Crassatella
- †Crassatella alta
- †Crassatella eutawacolens
- †Crassatella eutawcolens
- †Crassatella negreetensis
- †Crassatella rhomboidea
- †Crassatella texalta
- †Crassatella texana
- †Crassatella wilcoxi
- †Crassatella willcoxi
- Crassinella
- †Crassinella dupliniana
- †Crassinella lunulata
- Crassostrea
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Fossilized shell of the Cretaceous-modern oyster Crassostrea - †Crenatosiren
- †Crenatosiren olseni
- Crepidula
- †Crepidula convexa
- †Crepidula dumosa
- †Crepidula fornicata
- †Crepidula lirata
- †Crepidula plana
- †Cretolamna
Fossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna - Crucibulum
- †Crucibulum scutellatum
- Cryptonatica
- †Cryptonatica platabasis – or unidentified comparable form
- Ctena
- †Ctena speciosa
- †Cubitostrea
- †Cubitostrea divaricata
- †Cubitostrea lisbonensis
- †Cubitostrea sellaeformis
- Cucullaea
- †Cucullaea transversa
- Cumingia
- †Cumingia keittensis
- †Cumingia tellinoides
- †Cuvieronius
Life restoration of the Pliocene-Holocene elephant relative Cuvieronius - †Cyclagelosphaera
- Cyclocardia
- †Cyclocardia granulata
- Cyclostremiscus
- †Cyclostremiscus exacuus
- †Cyclostremsicus
- †Cyclostremsicus obliquestriatus
- †Cyclotomodon – type locality for genus
- †Cyclotomodon vagrans – type locality for species
- Cylichna
- †Cylichna acrotoma
- Cymbovula
- Cypraea
Multiple views of a shell of a Cypraea cowrie sea snail - †Cypraeorbis
- †Cypraeorbis alabamensis
- Cythara
- Cytherea
- †Cytherea aequora
D
- Daphnella
- †Daphnella imperita
- Dasyatis
- †Dasyatis cavernosa
- †Dasyatis rugosa
- Dasypus
- †Dasypus bellus
Fossilized mandible in multiple views of the Pleistocene Dasypus bellus, or beautiful armadillo
- Democrinus
- Dendraster
- Dentalium
- †Dentalium attenuatum
- †Dentalium minutistriatum
- Dentimargo
- †Dhondtichlamys
- †Dhondtichlamys greggi – or unidentified related form
- Dinocardium
- †Dinocardium palmerae
- †Dinocardium robustum
- †Dinoziphius
- †Dinoziphius carolinensis – type locality for species
- Diodon
- †Diodon vetus
- Diodora
- †Diodora auroraensis
- †Diodora cattilliformis
- †Diodora cayenensis
Shells of Diodora cayenensis, or Cayenne keyhole limpet - †Diodora pamlicoensis
- †Diodora tenebrosa
- †Dioplotherium – type locality for genus
- †Dioplotherium manigaulti – type locality for species
- Diplodonta
- †Diplodonta acclinis
- †Diplodonta nucleiformis
- †Diplodonta punctata
- †Diplodonta punctulata
- †Diplodonta semiaspera
- †Diplodonta soror
- †Diplodonta ungulina
- †Diplodonta yorkensis
- Discinisca
- †Discinisca lugubris
- †Discoaster
Electron micrograph of a Discoaster alga- †Discoaster multiradiatus
- †Discoaster salisburgenesis
- Discoporella
- †Discoporella denticulata
- Discorbis
- †Discorbis columbiensis
- †Discorbis consobrina
- †Discorbis floridensis
- Disporella
- †Disporella denticulata
- Divalinga
- †Divalinga quadrisulcata
- †Divalinga quadrisulcatus
- Donax
- †Dorudon – type locality for genus
Life restoration of the Eocene whaleDorudon- †Dorudon serratus – type locality for species
- Dosinia
- †Dosinia acetabulum
- †Dosinia chipolana – or unidentified comparable form
- Dosinidia
- †Dosinidia elegans
- Dyocibicides
- †Dyocibicides biserialis
E
- †Eboroziphius – type locality for genus
- †Eboroziphius coelops – type locality for species
- †Eburneopecten
- †Eburneopecten calvatus
- †Eburneopecten scintillatus
- Echinocardium
- †Echinocardium gothicus
- †Echinocardium orthonotum
- †Echovenator – type locality for genus
- †Echovenator sandersi – type locality for species
- †Ecphora
Illustration of a fossilized shell of the Eocene-Pliocene murex sea snail Ecphora- †Ecphora bradleyae
- †Ecphora quadricostata
- †Ectoganus
- †Ectoganus gliriformis
- †Ectoganus lobdelli
- Elaphe – or unidentified comparable form
- †Ellipsolithus
- †Ellipsolithus distichus
- †Ellipsolithus macellus
- Elphidium
- †Elphidium australis – or unidentified comparable form
- †Elphidium delicatulum
- †Elphidium discoidale
- †Elphidium fimbriatulum
- †Elphidium gunteri
- †Elphidium incertum
- †Elphidium latispatium – or unidentified comparable form
- Encope
- †Encope emarginata
- †Encope macrophora
- Endopachys
- †Endopachys maclurii
- Ensis
Interior of the shell of an Ensis, or razor clam - †Eomysticetus – type locality for genus
- †Eomysticetus carolinensis – type locality for species
- †Eomysticetus whitmorei – type locality for species
- Eontia
- †Eontia ponderosa
- †Eophysema
- †Eophysema ozarkana – or unidentified comparable form
- †Eopleurotoma
- †Eopleurotoma carya
- †Eopleurotoma orangeburgensis
- †Eopleurotoma plumbella
- †Eopleurotoma politica
- †Eosurcula
- †Eosurcula pulcherrima
- †Eosurcula quadriplenta
- †Eotorpedo
- †Eotorpedo hilgendorfi
- Episcynia
- †Episcynia inornata
- Epistominella
- †Epistominella pontoni
- Epitonium
Shell of an Epitonium wentletrap sea snail- †Epitonium angulatum
- †Epitonium candeanum
- †Epitonium chamberlaini
- †Epitonium charlestonense
- †Epitonium cooperense
- †Epitonium duplinianum
- †Epitonium humphreysi – or unidentified comparable form
- †Epitonium humphreysii
- †Epitonium lamellosum
- †Epitonium multistriatum
- †Epitonium rupicola
- Eponides
- †Eponides repandus
- Equus
- †Eremotherium
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Eremotherium - Erethizon
- †Erethizon dorsatum
- Erignathus
- Ervilia
- †Ervilia concentrica
- †Ervilia lata
- †Ervilia polita
- Erycina
- †Erycina carolinensis
- Eucrassatella
- †Eucrassatella speciosa
Shell of a Eucrassatella speciosa, or Gibbs' clam - †Eucrassatella virginica
- Eupatagus
- Eupleura
- †Eurhodia
- †Eurhodia baumi
- †Eurhodia holmesi
- †Eurhodia holmesii
- †Eurhodia rugosa
- Eurytellina
- †Eurytellina alternata
- †Eurytellina papyria
- †Euscalpellum
- †Euscalpellum carolinensis – type locality for species
- †Euscalpellum wheeleri – type locality for species
- Euspira
Shell of a Euspira moon sea snail- †Euspira aldrichi
- †Euspira heros
- †Euspira interna
- †Euspira marylandica
- †Euspira sayana
- †Eutrephoceras
- †Eutrephoceras carolinense
- †Eutrephoceras carolinensis
- †Eutrephoceras sloani
- Evalea
- †Evalea melanella
F
- †Fasciculithus
- †Fasciculithus tympaniformis
- Fasciolaria
- †Fasciolaria rhomboidea
- †Fasciolaria tulipa
A living Fasciolaria tulipa, or true tulip sea snail
- †Ficopsis
- †Ficopsis penita
- †Ficopsis texana
- Ficus
- †Ficus affinis
- †Ficus jacksonensis
- Finella
- Flabellum
- †Flabellum cuneiformis
- Fusimitra
- †Fusimitra perexilis
- Fusinus
- †Fusinus abruptus
- †Fusinus equalis
- †Fusinus irrasus
- †Fusinus limulus
- †Fusinus magnocostatus
- †Fusoficula
- †Fusoficula texana
G
- Galeocerdo
- †Galeocerdo aduncus
- †Galeocerdo cuvier
A living Galeocerdo cuvier, or tiger shark
- Galeodea
- †Galeodea petersoni
- Galeorhinus
- Gari
- †Gari eborea
- Gastrochaena
- †Gastrochaena cuneiformis
- †Gastrochaena lingula
- †Gavialosuchus
Fossilized skull of the Miocene crocodile relative Gavialosuchus - Gegania
- †Gegania antiquata
- Gemma
- †Gemma magna
- Gemophos
- Geochelone
- †Georgiacetus
Life restoration of the Eocene whale Georgiacetus- †Georgiacetus vogtlensis – or unidentified comparable form
- Gibbolucina
- †Gibbolucina pandata – or unidentified comparable form
- †Gigantostrea
- †Gigantostrea trigonalis
- Ginglymostoma
- †Ginglymostoma serra
- Globigerina
- Globulina
- †Globulina inaequalis
- Glossus
- †Glossus fraterna
- Glycymeris
Fossilized shell of a Glycymeris, or bittersweet clam- †Glycymeris abberans
- †Glycymeris americana
- †Glycymeris decussata
- †Glycymeris duplinensis – or unidentified related form
- †Glycymeris idonea
- †Glycymeris quinquerugatus
- †Glycymeris staminea
- †Glycymeris subovatus
- Glyptoactis
- †Glyptoactis alticostata
- †Glyptoactis blandingi
- †Glyptoactis complexicosta
- †Glyptoactis nasuta
- †Glyptotherium
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene armadillo relative Glyptotherium- †Glyptotherium floridanum
- Gopherus
- Gouldia
- †Gouldia metastriata
- †Gryphodobatis
- †Gryphodobatis uncus
- †Gumbelina
- Gymnura
H
- †Haimesiastraea
- †Haimesiastraea conferta
- Halichoerus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Halitherium
Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene manatee relative Halitherium- †Halitherium alleni – type locality for species
- †Halonanus
- †Halonanus declivis
- Hanzawaia
- †Hanzawaia concentrica
- Hastula – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- †Hastula venusta
- Haustator
- †Haustator carinata
- †Haustator rina
- †Hemiauchenia
Fossilized lower jaw of the Miocene-Pleistocene llama relative Hemiauchenia - Hemimactra
- †Hemimactra solidissima
- Hemimetis
- †Hemimetis magnoliana
- Hemipristis
- Here
- †Here parawhitfieldi – or unidentified comparable form
- †Heterotorpedo
- †Heterotorpedo fowleri
- Hexaplex
- †Hexaplex colei
- Hiatella
- †Holmesina
Life restoration of the Pleistocene armadillo relative Holmesina with a human to scale- †Holmesina septentrionalis
- †Hoplocetus
- †Hoplocetus obesus – type locality for species
- †Hornibrookina
- †Hornibrookina arca
- Horologica
- †Horologica pupa
- Hyotissa
- †Hyotissa haitensis
- †Hyposaurus
I
- Ilyanassa
- †Ilyanassa irrorata
- †Ilyanassa obsoleta
- †Ilyanassa trivittata
- Infundibulum
- †Infundibulum carinatum
- †Infundibulum depressum
- †Ischyodus
Fossilized skeleton of the Middle Jurassic-Miocene Chimaera relative Ischyodus - †Isocrania
- Isognomon
- †Isogomphodon
- †Isogomphodon aikenensis – type locality for species[1]
J
- †Jacquhermania
- †Jacquhermania duponti
K
- Kalolophus
- †Kalolophus antillarum
- †Kapalmerella
- †Kapalmerella arenicola
- †Kapalmerella mortoni
- †Keasius – tentative report
- †Keasius parvus
- Kinosternon
A living Kinosternon, or mud turtle - †Kleidionella
- †Kleidionella lobata
- Kurtziella
L
- †Labrodon
- †Labrodon carolinensis
- †Laevibuccinum
- †Laevibuccinum prorsum
- Laevicardium
- †Laevicardium mortoni
- †Laevicardium serratum
- Lamarckina
- †Lamarckina atlantica
- Lamna
A modern Lamna mackerel shark- †Lamna obliqua
- Latirus – tentative report
- †Leiorhynus
- †Leiorhynus prorutus
- Leodia
- Leptopecten
- †Leptopecten leonensis
- †Levifusus
- †Levifusus mortonii
- Lima
- Limaria
Living Limaria, or file shells- †Limaria carolinensis
- Limatula
- Limopsis
- †Limopsis aviculoides – or unidentified related form
- Linga
- †Linga waccamawensis
- †Linthia
- †Linthia hanoverensis
- †Linthia harmatuki
- †Linthia wilmingtonensis
- Liotia
Illustration of the shell of a Liotia sea snail- †Liotia major – or unidentified related form
- †Lirodiscus
- †Lirodiscus santeensis
- †Lirodiscus smithvillensis
- †Lirofusus
- †Lirofusus thoracicus
- Lirophora
- Lithophaga
- †Lithophaga claibornensis – or unidentified comparable form
- †Litorhadia
- †Litorhadia compsa
- Littoraria
- †Littoraria irrorata
- †Littoraria irroratus
- Lucina
- †Lucina pensylvanica
- †Lucina punctulata
- Lucinisca
- †Lucinisca cribrarius
- Lunularia
- †Lunularia distans
- Lynx
- †Lynx rufus
A living Lynx rufus, or bobcat
- Lyria
- †Lyrischapa
M
- Macoma
- †Macoma balthica
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Shell of a Limecola balthica, or Baltic clam - †Macoma calcarea
- †Macoma constricta
- †Macoma tenta
- †Macoma virginiana
- Macrocallista
- †Macrocallista albaria
- †Macrocallista maculata
- †Macrocallista nimbosa
- †Macrocallista reposta
- Mactra
- Mactrotoma
- †Mactrotoma fragilis
- Malaclemys
- †Mammut
- †Mammut americanum
Restoration of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon
- †Mammuthus
- †Mammuthus columbi – or unidentified comparable form
- Manta
- Maretia
- †Maretia subrostrata
- Marginella
- †Marginella semen
- Martesia
- †Martesia cuneiformis
- †Marvacrassatella
- †Mathilda
- †Mathilda retisculpta
- †Mauricia
- †Mauricia houstonia
- †Megalonyx
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Megalonyx - Meiocardia
- †Meiocardia carolinae
- Melampus
- Melanella
- †Melanella conoidea
- †Melanella magnoliana
- Mellita
- †Mellita carolinana
- †Mellita quinquesperforata
- Menippe – tentative report
- Mercenaria
- †Mercenaria campechiensis
- †Mercenaria corrugata
- †Mercenaria mercenaria
- †Mercimonia – tentative report
- †Mercimonia mercenaroidea
- Merisca
- †Merisca aequistriata
- Mesalia
- †Mesalia allentonensis
- †Mesalia claibornensis
- †Mesalia gomin
- †Mesalia obruta
- Mesodesma
- †Mesodesma concentrica
- Metalia
- †Metalia raveneliana
- †Metaxytherium
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene manatee relative Metaxytherium- †Metaxytherium albifontanum
- Metis – tentative report
- †Metis eutawensis
- Microdrillia
- †Microdrillia citrona
- †Micromysticetus – type locality for genus
- †Micromysticetus rothauseni – type locality for species
- †Mingotherium
- †Mingotherium holtae – type locality for species
- †Miracinonyx
Restoration of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Miracinonyx, or American cheetah - Mitrella
- †Mitrella bastropensis
- †Mitrella bucciniformis
- †Mitrella casteri
- †Mitrella lunulata
- Mnestia
- †Mnestia dekayi
- Mobula
A living Mobula- †Mobula loupianensis – or unidentified comparable form
- Modiolus
- †Modiolus cawcawensis
- †Modiolus gigas
- Moerella
- Mulinia
- †Mulinia congesta
- †Mulinia lateralis
- Murex
- †Murex engonata
- Murexiella
- †Murexiella glypta
- †Murexiella macgintyi
- †Murexiella petiti – type locality for species
- †Murexiella shilohensis
- †Murotriton
- †Murotriton mcglameriae
- †Mya
- Myliobatis
- †Myliobatis gigas
- †Myliobatis magister
- †Mylohyus
Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus- †Mylohyus fossilis – or unidentified comparable form
- Mysella
- †Mysella velaini
- Mytilus
- †Mytilus conradinus
N
- †Nanosiren – tentative report
- Nassarius
A living Nassarius, or nassa mud snail- †Nassarius acutus
- †Nassarius floridana
- †Nassarius quadrulatus
- †Nassarius vibex
- Natica
- †Natica pusila
- Naticarius
- †Naticarius semilunata
- †Nayadina
- Nebrius
- Nemocardium
- †Neochoerus
- Neofiber
- †Neofiber alleni
- †Neofiber diluvianus – or unidentified comparable form
- Neomonachus
- †Neomonachus tropicalis
Illustration of the recently extinct Neomonachus tropicalis, or Caribbean monk seal
- †Neuconorbina
- †Neuconorbina terquemi
- Neverita
- †Neverita duplicatus
- Nodipecten
- †Nodipecten collierensis
- Noetia
- †Noetia incile
- †Noetia limula
- †Noetia trigintinaria
- Nonion
- Nonionella
- †Nonionella atlantica
- Notidanus
- †Notidanus primigenius
- Nucula
Interior of a fossilized shell of the Early Ordovician-modern marine bivalve Nucula- †Nucula magnifica
- †Nucula mauricensis
- †Nucula ovalis
- †Nucula ovula
- †Nucula proxima
- †Nucula ripae
- †Nucula sphenopsis
- Nuculana
- †Nuculana acuta
- †Nuculana calcarensis
- †Nuculana carolinensis
- †Nuculana flexuosa – or unidentified related form
- †Nuculana kittensis
- †Nuculana magnopsis
- †Nuculana subtrigona
- †Nuculana trochila
- †Nuculana trumani
- †Nuculana vanuxemi
O
- Oculina
- †Oculina wagneriana
- Odobenus
- †Odobenus rosmarus
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A living Odobenus rosmarus, or walrus
- Odocoileus
- †Odontapsis
- Odostomia
- †Odostomia carolina
- †Odostomia pedroana – or unidentified comparable form
- Oliva
- †Oliva canaliculata
- †Oliva carolinae
- †Oliva carolinensis
- †Oliva sayana
- Olivella
- †Olivella carolinae
- †Olivella mutica
- †Olivella nitidula
- †Ontocetus
- †Ophiomorpha
Fossil of the Permian-modern crustacean burrow ichnogenus Ophiomorpha - Orthoyoldia
- †Orthoyoldia claibornensis
- †Orthoyoldia psammotaea
- †Osteopygis
- †Osteopygis emarginatus
- Ostrea
- †Ostrea arrosis
- †Ostrea carolinensis
- †Ostrea compressirostrea
- †Ostrea disparilis
- †Ostrea locklini
- †Ostrea ludoviciana
- †Ostrea normalis
- †Otodus
- †Otodus angustidens
- †Otodus megalodon
Diagram illustrating the largest (grey) and most conservative (red) size estimates of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Carcharocles megalodon (sometimes Carcharodon or Otodus megalodon) with a whale shark (violet), great white shark (green), and anachronistic human (black) to scale
- †Oxyrhina
- †Oxyrhina praecursor
- †Oxyrhina retroflexa
P
- †Pachecoa
- †Pachecoa cainei
- †Pachecoa decisa
- †Pachecoa ellipsis
- †Pachecoa ledoides
- †Pachecoa pulchra
- †Pachyarmatherium
- †Palaeochenoides – tentative report
- †Palaeohypotodus
- †Palaeohypotodus rutoti
- †Palaeolama
- †Palaeolama mirifica
- †Palaeophis
Restoration of the Cretaceous-Eocene sea snake Palaeophis - Pandora
- †Pandora trilineata
- Panopea
- †Panopea reflexa
- Panthera
- Paracyathus
- †Paracyathus vaughani
- Paradentalium
- †Paradentalium disparile – or unidentified related form
- †Paramya
- †Paramya subovata
- †Paramylodon
Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Paramylodon- †Paramylodon harlani – or unidentified comparable form
- Parasmittina
- †Parasmittina trispinosa
- Parvanachis
- Parvilucina
- †Parvilucina costata
- †Parvilucina crenella
- †Parvilucina crenulata
- †Parvilucina multilineatus
- †Parvilucina multistriata
- †Parvilucina piluliformis – or unidentified comparable form
- †Pecchiola
- †Pecchiola dalliana
- Pecten
- †Pecten acanikos
- †Pecten elixatus
- †Pecten hemicyclicus
- †Pectinucula
- †Pectinucula ripae
- †Pelagornis
Life restoration of the Oligocene-Pleistocene false-toothed bird Pelagornis- †Pelagornis longirostris
- †Pelagornis sandersi – type locality for species
- Penion
- †Penion bellus
- †Peratotoma
- †Peratotoma insignifica
- †Periarchus
- †Periarchus lyelli
- Periploma
- †Periploma collardi
- †Periploma inequale
- Petaloconchus
- †Petaloconchus graniferus
- †Petaloconchus sculpturatus
- Petricola
- †Petricola lata
- †Petricola pholadiformis
- Phacoides
- †Phacoides alveatus
- †Phacoides contractus
- Phalium
- Phoca
A living Phoca earless seal- †Phoca debilis – type locality for species
- †Phoca modesta – type locality for species
- Pholadomya
- †Pholadomya harrisi
- Pholas
- †Pholas campechiensis
- †Pholas turgidus
- Phos
- †Phos sagenum
- †Phos sagenus
- †Phos sloani
- Phyllonotus
- Physa
- †Physa meigsii – or unidentified related form
- Physeter
A living Physeter macrocephalus, or sperm whale- †Physeter antiquus – type locality for species
- †Physogaleus
- Pinna
- Pitar
- †Pitar chioneformis
- †Pitar morrhuanus
- †Pitar ovatus
- †Pitar poulsoni
- †Pitar trigoniata
- Placopecten
- Placunanomia
- †Placunanomia burnsi
- †Placunanomia plicata
- †Plagiarca
- †Plagiarca rhomboidell
- †Plagiarca rhomboidella
- †Planicardium
- †Planicardium acutilaqueatum
- Planorbis
Illustration in multiple views of a shell of a Planorbis freshwater ram's horn snail - Planorbulina
- †Planorbulina mediterraneansis
- Planulina
- †Planulina exorna
- †Planulina faveolata
- Platytrochus
- †Platytrochus stokesi
- Pleuromeris
- †Pleuromeris parva
- †Pleuromeris tridentata
- Pleurotomaria
- †Plicatoria
- †Plicatoria parva – type locality for species
- †Plicatoria wilmingtonensis
- Plicatula
- †Plicatula filamentosa
- †Plicatula gibbosa
- †Plicatula lapidosa
- †Plinthicus
- †Plinthicus stenodon
- Polinices
- †Polinices eminulus
- Polymesoda
- Poroeponides
- †Poroeponides lateralis
- †Prinsius
- †Prinsius bisulcus
- †Prionodon
A taxidermied Prionodon, or Asiatic linsang- †Prionodon carolinensis – type locality for species
- †Prionodon egertoni
- †Priscosiren
- †Priscosiren atlantica
- Pristis
- †Pristis ensidens
- †Pristis lathami
- †Probolarina
- †Probolarina holmesi
- †Probolarina holmesii
- †Probolarina salpinx
- †Probolarina transversa – type locality for species
- †Procharodon
- †Procolpochelys
- †Procolpochelys charlestonensis – type locality for species
- Procyon
- †Procyon lotor
A living Procyon lotor, or raccoon
- †Propinnotheroides – type locality for genus
- †Propinnotheroides orangeburgensis – type locality for species
- †Protoscutella
- †Protoscutella conradi
- †Protoscutella mississippiensis
- †Protoscutella plana
- †Protosiren
- Prunum
- †Prunum contractum
- †Prunum limatulum
- †Prunum roscidum
- Psammechinus
- †Psammechinus philanthropus
- †Psephophorus
Hypothetical restoration of the Oligocene-Pliocene sea turtle Psephophorus - Pseudochama
- †Pseudochama corticosa
- Pseudoliva
- †Pseudoliva vetusta
- Pseudorca
- Pteria
- Pteromeris
- †Pteropsella
- †Pteropsella lapidosa
- Puellina
- †Puellina radiata
- †Puma
A living Puma - Puncturella
- Pusula
- Pycnodonte
- †Pycnodonte trigonalis
- †Pycnodonte vicksburgensis
- Pyramidella
- †Pyramidella chavani
- †Pyramidella crenuata
- †Pyramidella propeacicula
- †Pyramidella suturalis
- Pyrgo
- Pyrulina
- †Pyrulina albatrossi
Q
- †Quadrans
- †Quadrans lintea
- Quinqueloculina
Shell of a Quinqueloculina foraminiferan- †Quinqueloculina compta
- †Quinqueloculina funafutiensis
- †Quinqueloculina lamarckiana
- †Quinqueloculina lamarkiana
- †Quinqueloculina sabulosa
- †Quinqueloculina seminulum
- †Quinquerugatus
- †Quinquerugatus holthuisi
R
- Radiolucina
- †Radiolucina amianta
- †Radiolucina aminata
- †Radiolucina tuomeyi
- Raeta
- †Raeta plicatella
- Raja
- †Raja mccollumi – type locality for species
- Rangia
- †Rangia clathrodonta
- †Rangia cuneata
- Rangifer
- †Rangifer tarandus – or unidentified comparable form
A living Rangifer tarandus, or reindeer
- Ranina
- Raphitoma
- †Raphitoma carla
- †Raphitoma carolia
- †Raphitoma stantoni
- †Raphitoma tabulatum
- †Recurvaster
- Retusa
- Reussella
- †Reussella spinulosa – or unidentified comparable form
- †Rhabdopitaria
- †Rhabdopitaria discoidalis
- Rhincodon
A living Rhincodon, or whale shark- †Rhincodon typus – or unidentified comparable form
- Rhinobatos
- †Rhinobatos bruxelliensis
- †Rhinobatos lentiginosus – or unidentified comparable form
- Rhinoptera
- †Rhinoptera bonasus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Rhinoptera dubia
- †Rhinoptera studeri – or unidentified comparable form
- Rhizoprionodon
- †Rhizoprionodon teraenovae – or unidentified comparable form
- Rhynchobatus
A living Rhynchobatus, or wedgefish- †Rhynchobatus pristinus
- Rhyncholampas
- Robulus
- †Robulus americanus
- Rosalina
- †Rosalina columbiensis
- Rostellaria – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- †Rostellaria bullata
- †Rostellaria conus
- †Rostellaria filiformis
- †Rostellaria minor
- †Rostellaria rudis
S
- †Santeelampas
- †Santeelampas oviformis
- †Santeevoluta
- †Santeevoluta wilmingtonensis
- Sassia
- †Sassia septemdentata
- †Saurocetus – type locality for genus
- †Saurocetus gibbesii – type locality for species
- Sayella
- Scalina
- †Scalina trapaquara
- Scapharca
- †Scapharca brasiliana
- †Scapharca staminata
- Scaphella
- Schizoporella
- Scobinella
- †Scobinella ferrosilica
- †Scobinella nassiformis
- Sconsia
- †Sconsia hodgii
- Scyliorhinus – tentative report
Group of living Scyliorhinus catsharks - Seila
- Semele
- †Semele australina
- †Semele bellastriata
- †Semele carinata
- †Semele linosa
- †Semele pacifica
- †Semele proficua
- †Semele purpurascens
- †Semele purpurescens
- †Semele subovata
- †Septastrea
- †Septastrea crassa
- †Septastrea marylandica
- Serpulorbis
- †Serpulorbis granifer
- †Serpulorbis squamulosus
- Sigatica
- Sigmodon
A living Sigmodon, or cotton rat- †Sigmodon bakeri
- Sinum
- †Sinum arctatum
- †Sinum beatricae
- †Sinum bilix
- †Sinum chesapeakensis
- †Sinum chipolanum – or unidentified comparable form
- †Sinum declive
- †Sinum inconstans
- †Sinum perspectivum
- Siphocypraea
- †Siphocypraea carolinensis
- Siphonina
- †Siphonina pulchra
- †Sismondia
- †Sismondia plana
- †Smilodon
Life restoration of the Pleistocene-Holocene saber-tooth cat Smilodon - Solariella
- †Solariella gemma
- †Solariella tricostata
- Solariorbis
- †Solariorbis depressus
- Solemya
- †Solemya alabamensis
- Solen
- †Solen ensis
- †Solen viridis
- Solena
- Solenosteira
- †Spatangus
- †Spatangus glenni
- Sphyrna
- †Sphyrna americana – type locality for species
- †Sphyrna media – or unidentified comparable form
- †Sphyrna zygaena
- Spirillina
- †Spirillina decorata
- Spisula
- †Spisula decisa
- †Spisula praetenuis
- Spondylus
- †Spondylus lamellacea
- Sportella
- †Sportella constricta
- †Sportella protexta
- †Squalodon
Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene shark-toothed dolphin Squalodon- †Squalodon crassus – type locality for species
- †Squalodon pelagius – type locality for species
- †Squalodon tiedemani – type locality for species
- Squatina
- †Squatina angeloides – or unidentified comparable form
- Stewartia
- †Stewartia anodonta
- Sthenorytis
- †Sthenorytis subexpansum
- Strigilla
- †Strigilla mirabilis
- Strioterebrum
- †Strioterebrum concava
- †Strioterebrum dislocata
- †Strioterebrum dislocatum
- Strombus
- Subcancilla
- †Subcancilla dalli – or unidentified related form
- †Sulcocypraea
- †Sulcocypraea kennedyi
- †Sulcocypraea vaughani
- Sveltella
- †Sveltella parva
- Sveltia
- †Sveltia alveata
- †Syllomus
- Sylvilagus
A living Sylvilagus, or cottontail rabbit
T
- Tagelus
- †Tagelus plebeius
- Tapirus
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A living Tapirus, or tapir - Tectonatica
- Teinostoma
- Tellidora
- †Tellidora cristata
- Tellina
- †Tellina declivis
- †Tellina leana
- †Tellina subequalis
- †Tellina tallicheti
- Tenagodus
- †Tenagodus vitis
- †Tenagodus vitus – or unidentified comparable form
- Terebra
Shell of a Terebra augur sea snail- †Terebra houstonia
- †Terebra protexta
- †Terebra tantula – or unidentified related form
- †Terebra texagyra
- †Terebraspira
- †Terebraspira elegans
- †Terebraspira sparrowi
- Terebratulina
- †Terebratulina lachryma
- †Terebratulina wilsoni – type locality for species
- †Terebrifusus
- †Terebrifusus amoenus
- †Teredina
- †Teredina fistula
- Teredo
- †Teredo calamus
- Terrapene
- Textularia
- †Textularia jurassica
- †Thecachampsa
Fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene gavial relative Thecachampsa- †Thecachampsa carolinensis – type locality for species
- †Thoracosaurus
- Thracia
- †Thracia dalli
- †Thracia magna
- Timoclea
- †Timoclea grus
- Torcula
- †Torcula variabilis
- †Toweius
- †Toweius pertusus
- Trachycardium
- Transennella
- †Transennella carolinensis
- †Transennella stimpsoni
- Tremarctos
A living Tremarctos, or spectacled bear - Triakis – tentative report
- Trichechus
- †Triforis
- †Trigonarca
- †Trigonarca corbuloides
- Trigonostoma
- †Trigonostoma aurorae
- †Trigonostoma babylonicum
- †Trigonostoma panones
- †Trigonostoma pulcherrimum
- †Trinacria
- †Trinacria cuneus
- Triplofusus
A living Triplofusus papillosus, or Florida horse conch - Trivia
- Trochammina
- Trochita
- †Trochita aperta
- Trochus
- †Trochus philantropus
- †Tuba
- †Tuba antiquata
- Tucetona
- †Tucetona arata
- †Tucetona lamyi – or unidentified comparable form
- †Tucetona pectinata
- †Tupelocetus – type locality for genus[2]
- †Tupelocetus palmeri – type locality for species[3]
- Turbo – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- †Turbo biliratus
- Turbonilla
- †Turbonilla aragoni – or unidentified comparable form
- †Turbonilla interrupta
- Turricula
- †Turricula polita
- Turris
Shell in multiple views of a Turris sea snail- †Turris desnoyersii
- †Turris lerchi
- †Turris lesueuri
- †Turris lonsdalei
- †Turris moorei
- †Turris nodocarinata
- †Turris nupera
- †Turris prosseri
- †Turris texanopsis
- Turritella
Fossilized shells of the Late Jurassic-modern tower snail Turritella- †Turritella alcida
- †Turritella alticostata
- †Turritella burdeni
- †Turritella dutexata
- †Turritella etiwanensis
- †Turritella ghigna
- †Turritella holmesi
- †Turritella mcbeanensis
- †Turritella mingoensis
- †Turritella nasuta
- †Turritella perexilis
- †Turritella subanulata
- †Turritella vaughani
- Tursiops
- †Tursiops truncatus – or unidentified comparable form
A living Tursiops truncatus, or common bottlenose dolphin
- †Tusciziphius
- †Tusciziphius atlanticus
- †Tympanonesiotes – type locality for genus
- †Tympanonesiotes wetmorei – type locality for species
- Typhis
- †Typhis floridanus
U
- †Unifascia
- †Unifascia carolinensis
- Urocyon
- †Urocyon cinereoargenteus – or unidentified comparable form
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A living Urocyon cinereoargenteus, or gray fox
- Urosalpinx
- †Urosalpinx cinerea
- †Urosalpinx trossula
V
- Valvulineria
- Venericardia
- †Venericardia bilineata
- †Venericardia carolinensis
- †Venericardia claiboplata
- †Venericardia claviger
- †Venericardia eutawcolens
- †Venericardia klimacodes
- †Venericardia mingoensis
- †Venericardia planicosta
- †Venericardia rotunda
- †Venericardia subquadrata
- †Venericardia subrotunda
- †Venericardia vigintinaria
- †Verericardia
- Vermicularia
- Verticordia
- †Verticordia emmonsi
- Vexillum
- Vitis
Leaves and fruit of a living Vitis, or grapevine - Voluta
- †Voluta mutabilis
- †Voluticella
- †Voluticella levensis
- Volutifusus
- †Volutifusus mutabilis
X
- Xenophora
- †Xenophora conchyliophora
Shell of a Xenophora conchyliophora carrier shell sea snail
- †Xenorophus – type locality for genus
- †Xenorophus sloanii – type locality for species
- †Xiphiorhynchus
- †Xiphiorhynchus rotundus
- †Xylotrypa
- †Xylotrypa palmulata
Y
- Yoldia
- †Yoldia laevis
- †Yoldia limatula
Illustration of the shell of a Yoldia limatula, or file yoldia - †Yoldia tarphaeia
Z
- †Zanthopsis – tentative report
- †Zygodiscus
- †Zygodiscus herlyni
References
- David J. Cicimurri; James L. Knight (2019). "Late Eocene (Priabonian) elasmobranchs from the Dry Branch Formation (Barnwell Group) of Aiken County, South Carolina, USA". PaleoBios. 36: ucmp_paleobios_43964.
- Matthew L. Gibson; John Mnieckowski; Jonathan H. Geisler (2019). "Tupelocetus palmeri, a new species of protocetid whale (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the middle Eocene of South Carolina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 38 (6): e1555165. doi:10.1080/02724634.2018.1555165.
- Matthew L. Gibson; John Mnieckowski; Jonathan H. Geisler (2019). "Tupelocetus palmeri, a new species of protocetid whale (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the middle Eocene of South Carolina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 38 (6): e1555165. doi:10.1080/02724634.2018.1555165.
- Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 7 August 2017.
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