List of the Cenozoic life of Montana

This list of the Cenozoic life of Montana contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Montana and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.

A
  • Living Abies, or fir trees
    Abies
    • †Abies alvordensis
    • †Abies concoloroides
    • †Abies laticarpa
  • Acer
    • †Acer bendirei
    • †Acer bolanderi
    • †Acer glabroides
    • †Acer minor
    • †Acer newberryi
    • †Acer oregonianum
    • †Acer scottiae
    • †Acer silberlingi
  • †Acheronodon
  • Acipenser
  • †Acmeodon
  • Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene horse Acritohippus
    †Acritohippus
  • †Acritoparamys
    • †Acritoparamys atavus – type locality for species
  • †Actinodonta
  • †Adjidaumo
    • †Adjidaumo intermedius – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Adjidaumo minimus – type locality for species
  • †Adunator
    • †Adunator ladae
  • †Aelurodon
    • †Aelurodon ferox – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Aelurodon montanensis – type locality for species
  • Life restoration of the Miocene camel Aepycamelus, or the long-necked camel. Heinrich Harder (1920).
    †Aepycamelus
  • †Agnotocastor
    • †Agnotocastor montanus
  • †Agriochoerus
    • †Agriochoerus maximus – type locality for species
    • †Agriochoerus minimus
  • †Agrostis
    • †Agrostis primaeva
  • †Ailanthus
    • †Ailanthus americana
  • Alangium
    • †Alangium thomae
  • †Alepidophora
    • †Alepidophora maxima – type locality for species
  • †Alismaphyllites
    • †Alismaphyllites grandifolius
  • Alnus
    • †Alnus jarbidgana
    • †Alnus protomaximowiczii
    • †Alnus relata
  • †Alphagaulus
    • †Alphagaulus pristinus
  • Life restoration of the Miocene elephant relative Amebelodon. Margret Flinsch (1932).
    †Amebelodon
    • †Amebelodon floridanus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Amelanchier
    • †Amelanchier couleeana
    • †Amelanchier covea
  • †Amentotaxus
    • †Amentotaxus campbelli
  • Amia
    • †Amia fragosa
    • †Amia uintaensis
  • †Ampelopsis
    • †Ampelopsis acerifolia
  • †Amphechinus
    • †Amphechinus horncloudi
  • Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene beardog Amphicyon
    †Amphicyon
    • †Amphicyon riggsi – type locality for species
  • †Amynodon
    • †Amynodon advenus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Amyzon
  • †Anacodon
    • †Anacodon ursidens – or unidentified comparable form
  • Anas
  • †Ancenycteris
    • †Ancenycteris rasmusseni
  • †Anconodon
    • †Anconodon cochranensis
    • †Anconodon gidleyi – type locality for species
  • †Anemia
    • †Anemia elongata
  • Fossilized tooth of the Oligocene-Miocene shark Carcharocles angustidens
    †Angustidens
    • †Angustidens vireti – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Anisonchus
    • †Anisonchus oligistus
    • †Anisonchus sectorius
  • †Ansomys
    • †Ansomys hepburnensis – type locality for species
    • †Ansomys nexodens
  • †Antholithes
    • †Antholithes asterias – type locality for species
    • †Antholithes botryanthera – type locality for species
    • †Antholithes divaricanthera – type locality for species
    • †Antholithes explodens – type locality for species
    • †Antholithes glandulifera – type locality for species
    • †Antholithes onagracioides – type locality for species
    • †Antholithes tropaeoloides – type locality for species
    • †Antholithes tulipoidea – type locality for species
    • †Antholithes umbelloidea – type locality for species
    • †Antholithes urnanthera – type locality for species
    • †Antholithes zygomorpha – type locality for species
  • Antilocapra – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Aphelops
  • †Aphronorus
    • †Aphronorus fraudator – type locality for species
    • †Aphronorus orieli
  • †Apternodus
    • †Apternodus baladontus – type locality for species
    • †Apternodus mediaevus – type locality for species
  • †Araceaeites
  • †Araucaria
    • †Araucaria longifolia
  • Fossilized skull of the Oligocene bone-crushing dog Archaeocyon
    †Archaeocyon
    • †Archaeocyon leptodus
  • †Archaeohippus
  • †Archaeolagus
  • †Archisyrphus – type locality for genus
    • †Archisyrphus opacus – type locality for species
  • †Arctocyon
    • †Arctocyon ferox
  • Restoration of an Arctodus, or short-faced bear, with a human to scale
    †Arctodus
  • †Arctostaphylos
    • †Arctostaphylos cuneata
  • †Ardynomys
    • †Ardynomys occidentalis – type locality for species
  • †Arretotherium
    • †Arretotherium acridens – type locality for species
  • Arundo
    • †Arundo pseudogoepperti
  • Arvicola
    • †Arvicola richardsonii
  • †aspera
    • †aspera aspera
  • A living Astronium tree, which is related to cashews
    †Astronium
    • †Astronium truncatum
  • †Athyana
    • †Athyana haydenii
  • †Atoposemys
    • †Atoposemys entopteros
  • †Aulolithomys
    • †Aulolithomys bounites – type locality for species
  • †Averrhoites
    • †Averrhoites affinis
  • †Avunculus
    • †Avunculus didelphodonti – type locality for species
  • †Axestemys
    • †Axestemys montinsana
  • Living Azolla water ferns
    Azolla
    • †Azolla elegans – type locality for species
    • †Azolla fragilis – type locality for species
    • †Azolla velus

B

C
  • †Caesalpinites
    • †Caesalpinites acuminatus
    • †Caesalpinites coloradicus
  • †Calycites
    • †Calycites hexaphylla
  • Life restoration of the Pliocene-Holocene camel Camelops
    †Camelops
  • †Camponotites
  • †Canavalia
    • †Canavalia eocenica
  • Canis
  • †Canna
    • †Canna flaccidafolia
  • †Carcinodon
    • †Carcinodon aquilonius
  • †Cardiospermum
    • †Cardiospermum terminalis
  • Carpinus
    • †Carpinus fraterna
    • †Carpinus lanceolata
  • †Carpites
    • †Carpites amygdaloides – type locality for species
    • †Carpites carumcarvi – type locality for species
    • †Carpites eludens – type locality for species
    • †Carpites gracilens – type locality for species
    • †Carpites paniculatus – type locality for species
    • †Carpites polygonoides
    • †Carpites pruniformis – type locality for species
    • †Carpites racemosus – type locality for species
    • †Carpites verrucosus
  • †Carpodaptes
    • †Carpodaptes hazelae – type locality for species
    • †Carpodaptes jepseni – tentative report
  • Life restoration of the Paleocene primate relative Carpolestes
    †Carpolestes
    • †Carpolestes nigridens – type locality for species
  • Carya
    • †Carya antiquorum
    • †Carya libbeyi
  • †Cassia
    • †Cassia fayettensis
    • †Cassia hesperia
    • †Cassia reticuloides
  • Castanea
    • †Castanea dolichophylla
    • †Castanea intermedia
    • †Castanea miomollissima
    • †Castanea spokanensis
    • †Castanea spolanensis
  • Castor
    • †Castor californicus
    • A living Castor canadensis, or North American beaver
      †Castor canadensis
  • †Catalpa
    • †Catalpa rubyensis – type locality for species
  • †Catopsalis
  • Ceanothus
    • †Ceanothus prespinosus
    • †Ceanothus variabilis
  • Cedrela
    • †Cedrela lancifolia
    • †Cedrela pteraformis
  • †Celastrus
    • †Celastrus typicus
  • Celtis
    • †Celtis aspera
    • †Celtis aspera (Newberry)
    • †Celtis chaneyi
    • †Celtis kansana
    • †Celtis mccoshii
    • †Celtis peracuminata
  • †Centetodon
    • †Centetodon kuenzii – type locality for species
    • †Centetodon magnus
  • Cercidiphyllum
    • †Cercidiphyllum arcticum
    • †Cercidiphyllum articum
    • †Cercidiphyllum crenatum
    • †Cercidiphyllum elongatum
    • †Cercidiphyllum genetrix
  • Flowers of a living Cercis or redbud tree
    Cercis
    • †Cercis parvifolia
    • †Cercis spokanensis
  • †Cercocarpus
    • †Cercocarpus antiquus
    • †Cercocarpus beaannae
    • †Cercocarpus myricaefolius
  • †Chadrolagus
    • †Chadrolagus emryi
  • †Chaetoptelea
    • †Chaetoptelea microphylla
  • †Chamaecyparis
    • †Chamaecyparis linguaefolia
  • †Chamops
    • †Chamops segnis – or unidentified comparable form
  • Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene choristoderan reptile Champsosaurus
    †Champsosaurus
  • †Chiromyoides
    • †Chiromyoides potior
  • †Chisternon
    • †Chisternon interpositum – type locality for species
  • †Chriacus
  • †Chthonophis – type locality for genus
  • †Cimexomys
  • †Cimolestes
  • A living Cinnamomum, or cinnamon tree
    Cinnamomum
    • †Cinnamomum sezannense
  • Cissus
    • †Cissus marginata
  • †Claenodon
    • †Claenodon montanensis
  • Clematis
    • †Clematis ellensburgensis
  • Cocculus
    • †Cocculus heteromorpha
  • †Colodon
    • †Colodon cingulatus
    • †Colodon kayi – type locality for species
    • †Colodon woodi – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Colpoclaenus
    • †Colpoclaenus keeferi – tentative report
    • †Colpoclaenus procyonoides – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Colubrina
  • †Compsemys
  • †Coniferites
    • †Coniferites conicus – type locality for species
    • †Coniferites ovatus – type locality for species
    • †Coniferites strobiliformis – type locality for species
  • Illustration of fossilized vertebrae of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene snake Coniophis. Othniel Charles Marsh (1892).
    †Coniophis – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Coniophis precedens
  • †Contogenys
    • †Contogenys ekalakaensis – type locality for species
    • †Contogenys sloani
  • †Conzattia
    • †Conzattia coriacea
  • †Copedelphys
    • †Copedelphys stevensoni – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Copedelphys titanelix – type locality for species
  • †Copemys
    • †Copemys lindsayi – type locality for species
  • †Coriphagus
    • †Coriphagus montanus – type locality for species
  • Cornus
    • †Cornus cornella
    • †Cornus hyperborea
    • †Cornus ovalis
  • †Corylus
    • †Corylus insignis
  • †Coryphodon
    • †Coryphodon proterus – type locality for species
  • †Cosmocomoidea
    • †Cosmocomoidea greenwalti – type locality for species
    • †Cosmocomoidea kootenai – type locality for species
    • †Cosmocomoidea rasnitsyni – type locality for species
  • Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene pronghorn-relative Cosoryx
    †Cosoryx – tentative report
  • Crataegus
    • †Crataegus elwyni
    • †Crataegus pacifica
  • †Credneria
    • †Credneria daturaefolia
  • Crematogaster
    • †Crematogaster aurora – type locality for species
  • †Crustulus – type locality for genus
    • †Crustulus fontanus – type locality for species
  • †Cryptoryctes – type locality for genus
    • †Cryptoryctes kayi – type locality for species
  • Culiseta
    • †Culiseta kishenehn – type locality for species
    • †Culiseta lemniscata – type locality for species
  • †Cupidinimus
    • †Cupidinimus halli – type locality for species
  • †Cyclurus
    • †Cyclurus fragosus
  • †Cylindrodon – type locality for genus
    • †Cylindrodon fontis – type locality for species
  • †Cynodesmus
    • †Cynodesmus thooides – type locality for species
  • Cynomys

D
  • †Dalbergia
  • †Daphoenictis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Davidia
    • †Davidia antiqua
  • †Davispia – type locality for genus
    • †Davispia bearcreekensis – type locality for species
  • †Derrisemys – type locality for genus
    • †Derrisemys sterea – type locality for species
  • †Desmatochoerus
    • †Desmatochoerus hatcheri – type locality for species
  • †Desmatolagus – tentative report
  • †Deuterogonodon
    • †Deuterogonodon montanus – type locality for species
  • †Diceratherium
    • †Diceratherium annectens
    • †Diceratherium armatum
    • †Diceratherium radtkei – type locality for species
  • †Didymictis
  • †Dillerlemur
    • †Dillerlemur pagei – type locality for species
  • Life restoration of the Eocene-Miocene false saber-toothed cat Dinictis. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).
    †Dinictis
  • †Dinohippus
  • †Dioctria – tentative report
    • †Dioctria jamesi – type locality for species
  • †Diospyros
    • †Diospyros oregoniana
  • †Diphysa
    • †Diphysa presuberosa
  • †Diplodipelta – type locality for genus
    • †Diplodipelta reniptera
  • Fossilized samara of the Eocene-modern Dipteronia tree
    Dipteronia
    • †Dipteronia insignis
  • †Dissacus
  • †Dixella
    • †Dixella curvistyla – type locality for species
    • †Dixella eomarginata – type locality for species
    • †Dixella intacta – type locality for species
    • †Dixella spinilobata – type locality for species
  • Dolichoderus
    • †Dolichoderus dlusskyi – type locality for species
  • †Domnina
    • †Domnina gradata – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Domnina thompsoni – type locality for species
  • †Domninoides
  • †Dorraletes
    • †Dorraletes diminutivus
  • †Douglassciurus
    • †Douglassciurus jeffersoni – type locality for species
  • †Downsimus
  • Fossilized horns, jaws, and limb bones of the Miocene deer relative Dromomeryx
    †Dromomeryx
  • †Dryinoides – type locality for genus
    • †Dryinoides oxyrhachis – type locality for species
  • Dryopteris
    • †Dryopteris lakesi
    • †Dryopteris serrata

E
  • Fossilized skull of the Paleocene-Eocene mammal Ectocion
    †Ectocion
    • †Ectocion cedrus
    • †Ectocion collinus
  • †Ectoganus
    • †Ectoganus lobdelli
  • †Ectypodus
    • †Ectypodus aphronorus – type locality for species
    • †Ectypodus laytoni – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Ectypodus lovei
    • †Ectypodus powelli – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Ectypodus szalayi – type locality for species
  • †Ellipsodon
    • †Ellipsodon lemuroides
  • Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene anthracothere mammal Elomeryx
    †Elomeryx – tentative report
  • †Elphidotarsius
    • †Elphidotarsius florencae – type locality for species
    • †Elphidotarsius russelli
  • †Elpidophorus
    • †Elpidophorus elegans
    • †Elpidophorus minor – type locality for species
  • †Entoptychus
    • †Entoptychus montanensis
  • †Eoanaphes – type locality for genus
    • †Eoanaphes stethynioides – type locality for species
  • †Eoanomala – type locality for genus
    • †Eoanomala melas – type locality for species
  • †Eoconodon
  • †Eoeustochus – type locality for genus
    • †Eoeustochus borchersi – type locality for species
    • †Eoeustochus kishenehn – type locality for species
  • †Eoformica
    • †Eoformica brevipetiola – type locality for species
    • †Eoformica latimedia – type locality for species
    • †Eoformica pinguis
  • †Eogyropsylla
    • †Eogyropsylla paveloctogenarius – type locality for species
  • †Eolestes
    • †Eolestes ramosus – type locality for species
    • †Eolestes syntheticus
  • †Eotitanops
  • Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene bone-crushing dog Epicyon
    †Epicyon
  • †Epihippus
    • †Epihippus gracilis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Epoicotherium
    • †Epoicotherium unicum
  • †Equisetum
    • †Equisetum aquatile – type locality for species
    • †Equisetum arcticum
    • †Equisetum octangulatum
  • Equus
  • Erucius – tentative report
    • †Erucius lewisi – type locality for species
  • †Eucastor
    • †Eucastor tortus
  • †Eucommia
  • †Eudaemonema
    • †Eudaemonema cuspidata – type locality for species
  • †Euhapsis – tentative report
  • †Eumys
    • †Eumys brachyodus
    • †Eumys elegans
    • †Eumys parvidens – or unidentified comparable form
  • Foliage and fruit of a modern Euonymus
    †Euonymus
    • †Euonymus pacificus
  • †Euoplocyon
    • †Euoplocyon brachygnathus
  • †Euroxenomys
    • †Euroxenomys inconnexus – type locality for species
  • †Eutypomys
    • †Eutypomys inexpectatus – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Eutypomys montanensis – type locality for species
    • †Eutypomys parvus
  • Exbucklandia
    • †Exbucklandia oregonensis
  • Exechia – or unidentified related form
  • †Exostinus
    • †Exostinus lancensis

F
  • †Fagopsis
    • †Fagopsis longifolia
  • Ficus
    • †Ficus affinis
    • †Ficus artocarpoides
    • †Ficus planicostata
    • †Ficus subtruncata
  • Fidiobia
  • A living Fokienia cypress tree
    Fokienia
    • †Fokienia catenulata
  • Formica
    • †Formica annosa – type locality for species
  • †Fraxinus
    • †Fraxinus brevialata
    • †Fraxinus eocenica
    • †Fraxinus flexifolia
    • †Fraxinus rupinarum

G
  • †Galbreathia
    • †Galbreathia bettae
  • †Gelastops
    • †Gelastops parcus – type locality for species
  • Geochelone
    • †Geochelone primaeva – type locality for species
  • Gerrhonotus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Gingerichia – type locality for genus
    • †Gingerichia geoteretes – type locality for species
  • Ginkgo
  • Gleichenia
    • †Gleichenia hesperia
  • Glyptostrobus
    • †Glyptostrobus nordenskioldi
    • †Glyptostrobus oregonensis
  • †Goniacodon
    • †Goniacodon levisanus
  • †Gregorymys
    • †Gregorymys douglassi – type locality for species
  • †Gripholagomys – tentative report

H

I
  • †Ictidopappus
    • †Ictidopappus mustelinus – type locality for species
  • †Ignacius
    • †Ignacius frugivorus
  • †Ilex[1]
    • †Ilex acuminata – later renamed Ilex mormonica[1]
    • †Ilex mormonica – type locality for species. Formerly known as Ilex acuminata.[1]
  • †Intyrictis
    • †Intyrictis vanvaleni
  • †Ischyrhiza – or unidentified comparable form
  • Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Eocene-Oligocene rodent Ischyromys
    †Ischyromys
    • †Ischyromys douglassi – type locality for species
    • †Ischyromys typus
    • †Ischyromys veterior – type locality for species
  • Isoetes
    • †Isoetes trullata – type locality for species
  • †Isoetites
    • †Isoetites horridus
  • Isonychia
    • †Isonychia alderensis – type locality for species

J
  • †Jepsenella – type locality for genus
    • †Jepsenella praepropera – type locality for species
  • †Judithemys
    • †Judithemys backmani
  • †Juglandicarya
  • †Juglandiphyllites
    • †Juglandiphyllites glabra
  • Juglans
    • A living Juglans regia also known as the Persian or English walnut
      †Juglans regia – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Juglans taurina
  • Juniperus
    • †Juniperus nevadensis

K
  • †Kerria
    • †Kerria antiqua
  • †Kimbetohia
    • †Kimbetohia mziae
  • A living Koelreuteria tree
    Koelreuteria
    • †Koelreuteria arnoldi
    • †Koelreuteria bipinnatoides
  • †Ktunaxia – type locality for genus
    • †Ktunaxia jucunda – type locality for species
  • †Kukusepasutanka
    • †Kukusepasutanka schultzi

L
  • †Labidolemur – type locality for genus
    • †Labidolemur kayi – type locality for species
  • Lasius
    • †Lasius glom – type locality for species
  • †Lastrea
    • †Lastrea goldiana
  • †Latiblattella
    • †Latiblattella avita – type locality for species
  • †Laurophyllum
    • †Laurophyllum perseanum
  • Living Laurus, or laurel trees
    Laurus
    • †Laurus socialis
  • †Leguminosites
  • †Leidymys
  • †Leipsanolestes
    • †Leipsanolestes siegfriedti
  • Lemmiscus
  • Lepisosteus
    • †Lepisosteus occidentalis
  • †Leptacodon
    • †Leptacodon munusculum – type locality for species
    • †Leptacodon packi – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Leptacodon proserpinae
    • †Leptacodon tener
  • †Leptarctus – type locality for genus
    • †Leptarctus primus – type locality for species
  • †Leptauchenia
    • †Leptauchenia decora
    • †Leptauchenia major
  • †Leptictis
  • †Leptochoerus
  • †Leptocyon
    • †Leptocyon douglassi – type locality for species
  • †Leptodontomys
  • Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene even-toed ungulate Leptomeryx
    †Leptomeryx
    • †Leptomeryx esulcatus
    • †Leptomeryx evansi
    • †Leptomeryx mammifer
    • †Leptomeryx speciosus
    • †Leptomeryx yoderi – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Leptonysson – type locality for genus
    • †Leptonysson basiliscus – type locality for species
  • †Leptoreodon
    • †Leptoreodon marshi
  • †Leucaena
    • †Leucaena californica
  • †Lignimus
  • †Limnenetes
    • †Limnenetes platyceps – type locality for species
  • †Limnoecus
  • Lindera
    • †Lindera obtusata
  • †Lisserpeton
  • †Litaletes
    • †Litaletes disjunctus – type locality for species
  • Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene bird Lithornis
    †Lithornis
  • †Litocherus
    • †Litocherus lacunatus
    • †Litocherus notissimus – type locality for species
  • †Litomylus
    • †Litomylus dissentaneus – type locality for species
    • †Litomylus ishami – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Litomylus orthronepius
  • †Loxolophus
    • †Loxolophus pentacus
    • †Loxolophus schizophrenus
  • †Lutetialestes – type locality for genus
    • †Lutetialestes uniformis – type locality for species
  • Lynx

M
  • †Machaerosaurus
    • †Machaerosaurus torrejonensis
  • Close-up view of a Magnolia flower
    Magnolia
    • †Magnolia borealis
    • †Magnolia magnifolia
  • Mahonia
    • †Mahonia hakeaeformis
    • †Mahonia limirivuli
    • †Mahonia lobodonta
    • †Mahonia obliqua
    • †Mahonia retculata
    • †Mahonia reticulata
    • †Mahonia simplex
    • †Mahonia subdenticulata
  • †Mammut
  • †Mammuthus
  • Marchantia
    • †Marchantia lignitica
    • †Marchantia pealei
  • Marmota
    • †Marmota flaviventria
  • †Marquettia
    • †Marquettia metzeli – type locality for species
  • Martes
    • †Martes kinseyi – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Mcconichthys – type locality for genus
    • †Mcconichthys longipinnis – type locality for species
  • Life restoration of battling males of the Eocene brontothere mammal Megacerops
    †Megacerops
    • †Megacerops kuwagatarhinus – type locality for species
  • †Megahippus
  • †Megalagus
    • †Megalagus brachyodon – type locality for species
    • †Megalagus dawsoni – type locality for species
    • †Megalagus turgidus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Megalonyx
  • †Megantereon
  • †Megatylopus
    • †Megatylopus gigas
  • †Melastomites
    • †Melastomites montanensis
  • †Meniscomys
  • †Menodus
  • †Merriamoceros
  • †Merychippus
  • †Merychyus
  • †Merycochoerus
    • †Merycochoerus chelydra
  • Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene pronghorn Merycodus
    †Merycodus
    • †Merycodus necatus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Merycoides
    • †Merycoides longiceps
  • †Merycoidodon
    • †Merycoidodon culbertsoni – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Mesodma
  • †Mesogaulus
    • †Mesogaulus ballensis – type locality for species
    • †Mesogaulus douglassi
  • †Mesohippus
    • †Mesohippus bairdi
    • †Mesohippus westoni – type locality for species
  • Fossilized skull of the Miocene oreodont mammal Mesoreodon
    †Mesoreodon
    • †Mesoreodon chelonyx
    • †Mesoreodon minor – type locality for species
  • †Mesoscalops
    • †Mesoscalops montanensis – type locality for species
  • †Metadjidaumo
  • Metasequoia
  • †Metopium
    • †Metopium metopioides
  • Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene mammal Miacis
    †Miacis – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †Microcosmodon
  • †Micropternodus
    • †Micropternodus borealis – type locality for species
  • Microtus
  • †Mimatuta
    • †Mimatuta minuial
    • †Mimatuta morgoth – type locality for species
  • †Mimetodon
    • †Mimetodon silberlingi – type locality for species
  • †Mimosites
    • †Mimosites acaciafolius
  • †Mimotricentes
    • †Mimotricentes fremontensis
    • †Mimotricentes tedfordi – tentative report
  • †Minerisporites
    • †Minerisporites glossoferus (Dijkstra) n. comb.
  • †Miniochoerus – tentative report
  • Fossilized skull of the Eocene-Oligocene three-toed horse Miohippus
    †Miohippus – type locality for genus
    • †Miohippus anceps – tentative report
    • †Miohippus annectens – tentative report
    • †Miohippus equiceps – tentative report
    • †Miohippus gemmarosae – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Miohippus grandis
    • †Miohippus obliquidens
    • †Miohippus taxus – type locality for species
  • †Mionictis – tentative report
  • †Miopsyche – tentative report
    • †Miopsyche rubiensis – type locality for species
  • †Mnium
    • †Mnium montanense
  • †Mojavemys
  • †Monosaulax
    • †Monosaulax pansus – tentative report
  • †Montanatylopus
    • †Montanatylopus matthewi – type locality for species
  • †Mookomys
    • †Mookomys formicarum – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Mookomys thrinax – type locality for species
  • Morus
  • †Muscites
    • †Muscites gracilens
  • Mustela
  • †Mustelavus
    • †Mustelavus priscus
  • Myrica
    • †Myrica lignitum
    • †Myrica mormonensis
    • †Myrica serrulata
  • †Myrmecoboides
    • †Myrmecoboides montanensis – type locality for species
  • †Myrtophyllum
    • †Myrtophyllum torreyi
  • †Mystipterus
  • †Mytonolagus
    • †Mytonolagus petersoni – or unidentified comparable form

N

O
  • †Ocajila
    • †Ocajila makpiyahe – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Odaxosaurus
  • A living Odocoileus deer
    Odocoileus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Ogmophis
    • †Ogmophis arenarum – type locality for species
  • Olar
    • †Olar buccinator
  • †Oligodontosaurus
    • †Oligodontosaurus wyomingensis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Oligoryctes
    • †Oligoryctes altitalonidus
    • †Oligoryctes cameronensis
  • †Oligoscalops
  • †Oligotheriomys
    • †Oligotheriomys senrudi
  • A living Ondatra, or muskrat
    Ondatra
  • †Onoclea
    • †Onoclea hesperia
  • †Onychodectes
    • †Onychodectes tisonensis
  • †Opisthotriton
    • †Opisthotriton gidleyi – type locality for species
    • †Opisthotriton kayi
  • Oreohelix
  • †Oreolagus
    • †Oreolagus nevadensis
  • †Oreonetes
    • †Oreonetes anceps
    • †Oreonetes douglassi
  • †Osmanthus
    • †Osmanthus praemissa
  • Living Osmunda ferns
    †Osmunda
  • Ostrya
    • †Ostrya oregoniana
  • †Otarocyon
    • †Otarocyon macdonaldi
  • †Oxyacodon
    • †Oxyacodon apiculatus
    • †Oxyacodon ferronensis
    • †Oxyacodon marshater
  • †Oxyclaenus
    • †Oxyclaenus pugnax
  • Life restoration of a pair of the Oligocene-Miocene camel Oxydactylus. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).
    †Oxydactylus
    • †Oxydactylus lacota – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Oxyprimus
    • †Oxyprimus erikseni – type locality for species

P
  • †Paciculus
  • †Pagonomus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Palaechthon – type locality for genus
    • †Palaechthon alticuspis – type locality for species
    • †Palaechthon woodi – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Palaeictops
  • †Palaeocarpinus
  • †Palaeogale
    • †Palaeogale sectoria
  • †Palaeohypnum
    • †Palaeohypnum beckeri
  • †Palaeolabrus
    • †Palaeolabrus montanensis – or unidentified comparable form
  • Restoration of the Oligocene rabbit relative Palaeolagus
    †Palaeolagus
    • †Palaeolagus burkei
    • †Palaeolagus haydeni
    • †Palaeolagus hypsodus
    • †Palaeolagus intermedius
    • †Palaeolagus temnodon – type locality for species
  • †Palaeophytocrene
  • †Palaeoryctes
  • †Palaeosinopa
    • †Palaeosinopa didelphoides – or unidentified comparable form
  • Restorative model and fossilized skull of the Eocene brontothere mammal Palaeosyops
    †Palaeosyops
    • †Palaeosyops fontinalis
  • †Palaeoxantusia
    • †Palaeoxantusia fera
  • †Palatobaena
    • †Palatobaena bairdi
  • †Palenochtha – type locality for genus
    • †Palenochtha minor – type locality for species
  • †Paleonelumbo
    • †Paleonelumbo macroloba
  • †Paleonuphar
    • †Paleonuphar hesperium
  • †Paleopsephurus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Paleotomus
    • †Paleotomus senior – type locality for species
  • Flowers and foliage of a living Paliurus
    Paliurus
    • †Paliurus dumosus
    • †Paliurus florissanti
  • †Pandemonium
    • †Pandemonium dis – type locality for species
  • †Pantolambda
    • †Pantolambda intermedius – type locality for species
  • †Pantomimus – type locality for genus
    • †Pantomimus leari – type locality for species
  • †Paracosoryx
  • †Paradjidaumo
    • †Paradjidaumo spokanensis – type locality for species
    • †Paradjidaumo trilophus
  • †Paramerychyus
    • †Paramerychyus harrisonensis
  • Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Paramylodon
    †Paramylodon
  • †Paramys
    • †Paramys relictus
  • †Paranymphaea
    • †Paranymphaea crassifolia
  • †Parapliosaccomys
    • †Parapliosaccomys annae – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Pararyctes
    • †Pararyctes pattersoni
  • †Paratomarctus
    • †Paratomarctus temerarius
  • †Parectypodus
  • †Pareumys – tentative report
  • †Parictis
    • †Parictis montanus
  • †Paromomys
    • †Paromomys depressidens – type locality for species
    • †Paromomys maturus – type locality for species
  • †Parthenocissus
    • †Parthenocissus ursina
  • †Parvericius
    • †Parvericius montanus
  • †Paulownia
    • †Paulownia columbiana
    • †Paulownia thomsoni
  • Fossilized skull of the Eocene-Oligocene lizard Peltosaurus
    †Peltosaurus
  • †Pelycomys
  • †Penetrigonias
    • †Penetrigonias dakotensis
  • †Penosphyllum
    • †Penosphyllum cordatum
  • Penthetria
    • †Penthetria abacula – type locality for species
    • †Penthetria alderensis – type locality for species
    • †Penthetria rubiensis – type locality for species
  • †Peraceras
    • †Peraceras profectum
    • †Peraceras superciliosum
  • †Peradectes
    • †Peradectes elegans – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Peradectes minor – type locality for species
    • †Peradectes protinnominatus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Peridiomys
    • †Peridiomys halis – type locality for species
  • †Periptychus
  • †Perognathoides
    • †Perognathoides eurekensis – or unidentified comparable form
  • Perognathus
    • †Perognathus ancenensis – type locality for species
  • Peromyscus
  • Persea
    • †Persea brossiana
  • †Petauristodon
  • †Phasmatopelecinus – type locality for genus
    • †Phasmatopelecinus leonae – type locality for species
  • †Phenacodaptes – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Phenacodaptes sabulosus
  • Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene ungulate Phenacodus. Charles R. Knight (1898).
    †Phenacodus
    • †Phenacodus bisonensis
    • †Phenacodus intermedius
    • †Phenacodus magnus
  • Phragmites
    • †Phragmites alaskana
  • †Phthiria
    • †Phthiria fossa – type locality for species
  • †Phyllites
    • †Phyllites demoresi
    • †Phyllites disturbans
  • Picea
    • †Picea lahontensis
    • †Picea magna
    • †Picea sonomensis
  • †Piceoerpeton
    • †Piceoerpeton willwoodense
  • †Picrodus
    • †Picrodus canpacius
    • †Picrodus silberlingi – type locality for species
  • A living Pinus, or pine tree
    Pinus
    • †Pinus florissanti
    • †Pinus wheeleri
  • †Pipestoneia – type locality for genus
    • †Pipestoneia douglassi – type locality for species
  • †Pipestoneomys
    • †Pipestoneomys bisulcatus
  • †Pithecolobium
    • †Pithecolobium eocenicum
  • †Planatus
    • †Planatus nobilis
    • †Planatus raynoldsi
  • †Planetetherium
  • †Plastomenoides – type locality for genus
    • †Plastomenoides lamberti – type locality for species
    • †Plastomenoides tetanetron – type locality for species
  • †Plastomenus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Platanus
    • †Platanus dissecta
    • †Platanus nobilis
    • †Platanus raynoldsi
    • †Platanus raynoldsii
    • †Platanus stenoloba
  • Plecia
    • †Plecia inflata – type locality for species
  • Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene primate Plesiadapis
    †Plesiadapis
    • †Plesiadapis anceps – type locality for species
    • †Plesiadapis churchilli – type locality for species
    • †Plesiadapis praecursor – type locality for species
    • †Plesiadapis rex – type locality for species
  • †Plesiolestes
    • †Plesiolestes problematicus
  • †Pleurolicus
  • †Plioceros
    • †Plioceros blicki – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Pliohippus
  • †Plionictis
    • †Plionictis ogygia
  • †Plithocyon
    • †Plithocyon ursinus
  • †Poacites
  • †Poebrotherium
    • †Poebrotherium eximium – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Poebrotherium wilsoni
  • Illustration of a fossilized skull of the Oligocene false faber-toothed cat Pogonodon
    †Pogonodon
  • †Ponerites
    • †Ponerites kishenehne – type locality for species
  • Populus
    • †Populus adamantea
    • †Populus balsamoides
    • †Populus cedrusensis
    • †Populus cinnamomoides
    • †Populus eotremuloides
    • †Populus lindgreni
    • †Populus nebrascensis
    • †Populus payettensis
    • †Populus washoensis
  • †Potamanthellus
    • †Potamanthellus rubiensis – type locality for species
  • †Potentilla
    • †Potentilla horkelioides
    • †Potentilla salmonensis
  • †Pradjidaumo
    • †Pradjidaumo trilophus
  • †Preissites
    • †Preissites wardi
    • †Preissites wardii
  • †Procerberus
    • †Procerberus formicarum – type locality for species
    • †Procerberus grandis – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Procerberus plutonis
  • †Prochetodon
  • †Prodesmodon
    • †Prodesmodon copei
  • †Prodiacodon
    • †Prodiacodon concordiarcensis – type locality for species
    • †Prodiacodon crustulum – type locality for species
    • †Prodiacodon furor – type locality for species
  • Fossil of the Eocene ant Proiridomyrmex
    †Proiridomyrmex
    • †Proiridomyrmex rotundatus – type locality for species
  • †Prokalotermes
    • †Prokalotermes alderensis – type locality for species
  • †Promerycochoerus
    • †Promerycochoerus superbus
  • †Promioclaenus
    • †Promioclaenus acolytus
  • †Pronodens
    • †Pronodens silberlingi – type locality for species
  • †Pronothodectes
    • †Pronothodectes matthewi – type locality for species
  • †Propalaeosinopa
    • †Propalaeosinopa albertensis
  • †Proscalops
    • †Proscalops intermedius – type locality for species
  • †Prosciurus
    • †Prosciurus parvus – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Prosciurus vetustus – type locality for species
  • †Prosphyracephala
    • †Prosphyracephala rubiensis – type locality for species
  • Fossil of the Oligocene ant Protazteca
    †Protazteca
    • †Protazteca eocenica – type locality for species
  • †Protentomodon
    • †Protentomodon ursirivalis – type locality for species
  • †Prothryptacodon
    • †Prothryptacodon furens – type locality for species
  • †Protictis
    • †Protictis haydenianus
    • †Protictis microlestes
  • †Protochriacus
    • †Protochriacus simplex
  • Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene horse Protohippus
    †Protohippus
  • †Protolabis
    • †Protolabis gracilis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Protoreodon
    • †Protoreodon pearcei
    • †Protoreodon pumilus
  • †Protungulatum
    • †Protungulatum donnae
    • †Protungulatum gorgun – type locality for species
    • †Protungulatum sloani – type locality for species
  • †Provaranosaurus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Proxestops
    • †Proxestops silberlingi
    • †Proxestops silberlingii – type locality for species
  • Prunus
    • †Prunus careyhurstia
    • †Prunus corrugis
    • †Prunus lyoniifolia – type locality for species
    • †Prunus morangensis
    • †Prunus perita
    • †Prunus scottii
    • †Prunus wilcoxiana
  • Replica of a fossilized cranium of the Miocene horse Pseudhipparion
    †Pseudhipparion
  • †Pseudocylindrodon
    • †Pseudocylindrodon medius – type locality for species
    • †Pseudocylindrodon neglectus – type locality for species
  • †Pseudolarix
    • †Pseudolarix americana
  • †Pseudomesoreodon – type locality for genus
    • †Pseudomesoreodon rooneyi – type locality for species
  • Pseudomyrmex
    • †Pseudomyrmex saxulum – type locality for species
  • †Pseudotettigonia
    • †Pseudotettigonia leona – type locality for species
  • †Pseudotheridomys
  • †Pseudotrimylus
  • †Pseudotsuga
    • †Pseudotsuga longifolia
    • †Pseudotsuga sonomensis
  • Life restoration of the Paleocene taeniodont mammal Psittacotherium
    †Psittacotherium
    • †Psittacotherium multifragum
  • Ptelea
    • †Ptelea miocenica
  • †Ptenidium
    • †Ptenidium kishenehnicum – type locality for species
  • Pteris
  • Pterocarya
    • †Pterocarya hispida
  • †Ptilodus
  • Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene primate relative Purgatorius
    †Purgatorius
  • †Pyracantha
    • †Pyracantha spatulata – type locality for species

Q
  • A living Quercus, or oak tree
    Quercus
    • †Quercus convexa
    • †Quercus dayana
    • †Quercus dispersa – tentative report
    • †Quercus eoprinus
    • †Quercus hannibali
    • †Quercus prelobata
    • †Quercus prevariabilis
    • †Quercus pseudolyrata
    • †Quercus simulata
    • †Quercus sullyi
    • †Quercus winstanleyi

R

S
  • Sabal
    • †Sabal grayana
    • †Sabal imperialis
    • †Sabal powelli
  • †Saccoloma
    • †Saccoloma gardneri
  • A living Salix, or willow
    Salix
    • †Salix aquilina
    • †Salix cockerelli
    • †Salix hesperia
    • †Salix knowltoni
    • †Salix laevigatoides
    • †Salix longiacuminata
    • †Salix schimperi
    • †Salix stipulata – type locality for species
    • †Salix succorensis
    • †Salix taxifolioides
    • †Salix truckeana
    • †Salix wildcatensis
    • †Salix wimmeriana
  • †Sambucus
    • †Sambucus newtoni
  • †Sapindus
    • †Sapindus coloradensis
  • Sassafras
  • †Scalopoides
  • †Scapherpeton
    • †Scapherpeton tectum
  • †Scaphohippus
    • †Scaphohippus intermontanus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Scenopagus
  • †Schizotheriodes
    • †Schizotheriodes parvus – type locality for species
  • †Scotiophryne – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Scottimus
    • †Scottimus longiquus – type locality for species
    • †Scottimus viduus
  • †Selaginella
    • †Selaginella collieri
    • †Selaginella monstrosa
  • †Senoprosopis
    • †Senoprosopis beckeri – type locality for species
  • Sequoia
  • †Sespemys – tentative report
  • †Simoedosaurus
  • †Simpson
    • †Simpson lists
  • †Simpsonictis
    • †Simpsonictis tenuis
  • †Smilax
    • †Smilax trinervis
  • †Solenopsites
    • †Solenopsites abdita – type locality for species
  • †Sophora
    • †Sophora spokanensis
  • †Sorbus
    • †Sorbus harneyensis
  • †Sparganium
    • †Sparganium antiquum
  • Spea
    • †Spea neuter
  • Spermophilus
  • †Spiraea
    • †Spiraea clavidens
    • †Spiraea decurrens
  • †Stelocyon
    • †Stelocyon arctylos – type locality for species
  • †Steneofiber
    • †Steneofiber gradatus – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Steneofiber hesperus
  • †Stenoechinus
    • †Stenoechinus tantalus – type locality for species
  • Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene camel Stenomylus
    †Stenomylus
  • Sterculia
    • †Sterculia wilcoxiana
  • †Stibarus
    • †Stibarus montanus – type locality for species
  • †Stilpnodon
    • †Stilpnodon simplicidens – type locality for species
  • †Stygimys
  • Life restoration of the Miocene deer relative Subdromomeryx. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).
    †Subdromomeryx
  • †Subhyracodon
    • †Subhyracodon mitis
    • †Subhyracodon occidentalis
  • †Submerycochoerus
    • †Submerycochoerus bannackensis – type locality for species
  • Sylvicola – or unidentified related form
  • Sylvilagus
  • †Symplocarpus
    • †Symplocarpus prefoetidus

T
  • Restoration of the Paleocene multituberculate mammal Taeniolabis
    †Taeniolabis
  • †Tapocyon
    • †Tapocyon robustus
  • †Tardontia
    • †Tardontia occidentale – or unidentified comparable form
  • Taricha
    • †Taricha miocenica – type locality for species
  • Taxodium
  • †Tectochara
    • †Tectochara grambastorum
  • Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene rhinoceros Teleoceras
    †Teleoceras
  • †Tenudomys – tentative report
  • †Tephrodytes – type locality for genus
    • †Tephrodytes brassicarvalis – type locality for species
  • †Ternstroemites
    • †Ternstroemites aureavallis
  • †Tetraclaenodon
    • †Tetraclaenodon puercensis
  • Thomomys
    • †Thomomys taloides
    • A living Thomomys talpoides, or northern pocket gopher
      †Thomomys talpoides
  • †Thrinax
    • †Thrinax dorfi
  • †Thryptacodon
    • †Thryptacodon australis – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Thryptacodon orthogonius – tentative report
    • †Thryptacodon pseudarctos – type locality for species
  • †Thuja
    • †Thuja dimorpha
    • †Thuja interrupta
  • †Thylacodon
    • †Thylacodon montanensis – type locality for species
    • †Thylacodon pusillus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Ticholeptus
    • †Ticholeptus zygomaticus
  • Tilia
    • †Tilia aspera
    • †Tilia inaequalis
  • †Tinuviel
    • †Tinuviel eurydice
  • Tipula
    • †Tipula carolae – type locality for species
    • †Tipula rubiensis – type locality for species
  • Life restoration of the Paleocene pantodonts mammal Titanoides
    †Titanoides
  • †Trapa
    • †Trapa angulata
    • †Trapa paulula
  • †Tricentes
    • †Tricentes subtrigonus
  • †Trigenicus
    • †Trigenicus profectus
  • †Trigonias
    • †Trigonias osborni
  • †Trilaccogaulus
    • †Trilaccogaulus montanensis
  • †Triplopides
    • †Triplopides rieli – type locality for species
  • †Triplopus
    • †Triplopus rhinocerinus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Trochodendroides
    • †Trochodendroides flabella
  • †Trogolemur – tentative report
  • †Tropidia
    • †Tropidia tumulata – type locality for species
  • †Tullochelys
    • †Tullochelys montana
  • †Tylocephalonyx
  • Typha
    • †Typha lesquereuxi

U
  • †Ulmeriella
    • †Ulmeriella rubiensis – type locality for species
  • A living Ulmus, or elm
    Ulmus
    • †Ulmus montanensis
    • †Ulmus moorei
    • †Ulmus paucidentata
    • †Ulmus rhamnifolia
    • †Ulmus speciosa
  • †Unuchinia
    • †Unuchinia asaphes – type locality for species
  • †Ursolestes – type locality for genus
    • †Ursolestes perpetior – type locality for species
  • Ursus

V
  • A variety of modern Vaccinium species, clockwise from top right: cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, and huckleberries
    †Vaccinium
    • †Vaccinium sophoroides
  • †Valenopsalis
    • †Valenopsalis joyneri – type locality for species
  • †Vauquelinia
    • †Vauquelinia coloradensis
    • †Vauquelinia coloradica
  • †Viburnum
    • †Viburnum antiquorum
    • †Viburnum kraeuseli
  • †Viguiera
    • †Viguiera cronquisti
  • Leaves and fruit of a living Vitis, or grapevine
    Vitis
    • †Vitis lobata
    • †Vitis muscadinioides
    • †Vitis olriki
    • †Vitis washingtonensis
  • †Viverravus – tentative report

W
  • †Wilsoneumys
  • Living Woodwardia ferns
    †Woodwardia
    • †Woodwardia arctica
  • †Wortmania – or unidentified comparable form

X

Z
  • Leaf of a living Zelkova tree
    Zelkova
    • †Zelkova drymeja
    • †Zelkova hesperia
    • †Zelkova krymeja
    • †Zelkova nervosa
    • †Zelkova oregoniana
    • †Zelkova planeroides
    • †Zelkova ungeri
  • †Zeunerella – tentative report
    • †Zeunerella lewisi – type locality for species
  • †Zygodactylus[2]
    • †Zygodactylus ochlurus – type locality for species[3]

References
  1. Alexander B. Doweld (2019). "New names for Ilex and Ilexpollenites (Aquifoliaceae), extant and fossil. Notulae Systematicae ad Palaeofloram Europaeam spectantes II. Aquifoliaceae". Phytotaxa. 388 (2): 179–191. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.388.2.5.
  2. Tobin L. Hieronymus; David A. Waugh; Julia A. Clarke (2019). "A new zygodactylid species indicates the persistence of stem passerines into the early Oligocene in North America". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19 (1): Article 3. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1319-6. PMC 6321701. PMID 30611195.
  3. Tobin L. Hieronymus; David A. Waugh; Julia A. Clarke (2019). "A new zygodactylid species indicates the persistence of stem passerines into the early Oligocene in North America". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19 (1): Article 3. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1319-6. PMC 6321701. PMID 30611195.


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