List of the Cenozoic life of Maryland
This list of the Cenozoic life of Maryland contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Maryland and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.
A
- †Abra – tentative report
- †Abra longicalla
- Acanthodesia
- †Acanthodesia oblongula
- †Acanthodesia savartii
- †Acantodesia
- †Acantodesia oblongula
- Acipenser
Illustration of a living Acipenser sturgeon - †Acrocoelum
- †Acrocoelum richardsi – type locality for species
- Acropora
- Acteocina
- †Acteocina canaliculata
- Acteon
- †Acteon danicus – type locality for species
- †Acteon ovoides
- †Acus
- †Acus curvilirata
- †Adocus
- †Aepycamelus – tentative report
- Aetobatus
- †Aetobatus arcuatus
- †Aetobatus irregularis
- †Aetobatus profundus – type locality for species
- †Aglaocetus
Fossilized skull of the Miocene baleen whale Aglaocetus- †Aglaocetus patulus
- Alca
- †Alca torda – or unidentified comparable form
- Aligena
- †Aligena aequata
- †Aligena elevata
- †Ambystoma
- †Ambystoma maculatum
- †Ambystoma tigrinum
- Amia
- †Amphicyon
Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene beardog Amphicyon - Amyda
- †Amyda cellulosa
- Anachis
- †Anachis avara
- Anadara
- †Anadara andrewsi
- †Anadara ovalis
- †Anadara subrostrata
- †Anadara transversa
- Anas
- †Anas crecca
- Ancilla – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Angulus
- †Angulus agilis
- Anomia
- †Anomia aculeata
- †Anomia marylandica
- †Anomia multilineata
- †Anomia simplex
- Anticlimax – tentative report
- †Anticlimax gardnerae – type locality for species
- †Aphelops – tentative report
- †Aporrhaid
- †Aporrhaid gastropod
- Aporrhais
- †Aporrhais potomacensis
- Aquila
- †Araeodelphis – type locality for genus
- †Araeodelphis natator – type locality for species
- †Araloselachus
- †Araloselachus cuspidata
- Arca
- †Arca callipleura
- †Arca improcera
- †Archaeohippus
- Architectonica
- †Architectonica form A informal
- †Architectonica form B informal
- †Arctodus
Restoration of an Arctodus, or short-faced bear, with a human to scale - Argopecten
- †Armatobalanus
- †Armatobalanus calvertensis
- Arossia
- †Arossia bohaska – type locality for species
- †Arossia cummembrana – type locality for species
- †Arossia newmani
- †Asaphis
- †Asaphis centenaria
- †Aspideretoides
- †Aspideretoides virginianus
- Astarte
Shell of a modern Astarte bivalve- †Astarte cuneiformis
- †Astarte exaltata
- †Astarte marylandica
- †Astarte obruta
- †Astarte perplana
- †Astarte thisphila
- †Astarte thomasi
- †Astarte undata
- Asterias
- †Asterias forbesi – or unidentified comparable form
- Astrangia
- †Astrehelia
- †Astrehelia palmata
- †Astrhelia
- †Astrhelia plamata
- †Astroscopus
- †Astroscopus countermani – type locality for species
Life restoration of the Miocene stargazer Astroscopus countermani
- Astyris
- †Astyris communis
- †Astyris lunata
- Ataphrus
- †Ataphrus glandula
- Athleta
- †Athleta limopsis
- †Athleta tuomeyi
- †Atopomys
- †Atopomys texensis
- Atrina
- †Atrina harrisi
- †Atrina harrisii
- †Aulophyseter
Life restoration of the Miocene sperm whale Aulophyseter- †Aulophyseter mediatlanticus – type locality for species
B
- Balaenoptera
Portrait of a living Balaenoptera baleen whale- †Balaenoptera cephalus
- †Balaenoptera pusilla – type locality for species
- Balanus
- †Balanus concabvus
- †Balanus concava
- †Balanus crenatus
- †Balanus imitator
- †Balanus vulcanellus – type locality for species
- Bankia
- †Bankia gouldi
- Barnea
- †Barnea costata
- Bathytormus
- †Bathytormus alaeformis
- †Batiacasphaera
- †Batiacasphaera sphaerica
- †Belosphys
- Bicorbula
- †Bicorbula idonea
- Blarina
- †Blarina brevicauda
A living Blarina brevicauda, or northern short-tailed shrew - †Blarina carolinensis
- †Bolis – or unidentified comparable form
- Bonasa
- Boreotrophon
- †Boreotrophon harasewychi – type locality for species
- Brachidontes
- †Brachidontes potomacensis
- †Brachyprotoma
- †Brevoortia
- †Brevoortia tyrannus – or unidentified comparable form
A living Brevoortia tyrannus, or Atlantic menhaden
- Buccinofusus
- †Buccinofusus chesapeakensis
- †Buccinofusus parilis
- Bufo
- †Bulliopsis
- †Bulliopsis marylandica
- †Bulliopsis quadrata
- Busycon – type locality for genus
- †Busycon carica
- †Busycon fusiforme
- †Busycon fusiformis
- †Busycotyphus
- †Busycotyphus coronatum
- †Busycotyphus rugosum
- Busycotypus
- †Busycotypus alveatum
- †Busycotypus asheri – type locality for species
- †Busycotypus canaliculatus
- †Busycotypus coronatum
- †Busycotypus rugosum
C
- Cadulus
- †Cadulus bellulus
- †Cadulus newtonensis
- †Cadulus thallus
- Caecum
- †Caecum patuxentium
- †Calianassa
- †Calianassa atlantica
- †Calianassa matsoni – or unidentified comparable form
- †Callinassa
- †Callinassa atlantica
- Callinectes
- †Callinectes ornatus
- †Callinectes sapidus
A living Callinectes sapidus, or Chesapeake blue crab
- Calliostoma
- †Calliostoma alphelium
- †Calliostoma aphelium
- †Calliostoma humile – or unidentified comparable form
- †Calliostoma philanthropus
- †Calliostoma philathropus
- Callista
- †Callista marylandica
- Callocardia
- †Callocardia catharia
- Calonectris
A living Calonectris shearwater - Calyptraea
- †Calyptraea aldrichi – type locality for species
- †Calyptraea centralis
- †Calyptraphorus
- †Calyptraphorus jacksoni
- Cancellaria
- †Cancellaria alternata
- Cancer
- Canis
- †Canis armbrusteri – type locality for species
Illustration in multiple views of a fossilized skull of the Pleistocene Canis armbrusteri, or Armbruster's wolf - †Canis latrans
- †Canis rufus – or unidentified comparable form
- Cantharus
- †Cantharus marylandicus
- †Carassatellites
- †Carassatellites turgidulus
- Carcharhinus
- †Carcharhinus egertoni
- Carcharias
- †Carcharias collata – type locality for species
- Carcharodon
- †Carcharodon auriculatus
- †Carcharodon hastalis
Fossilized tooth of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Cosmopolitodus hastalis, or broad-toothed mako
- Cardita
- †Cardita protracta
- †Caricella
- Carphophis
- Caryocorbula
- †Caryocorbula cuneata
- †Caryocorbula inaqualis
- Cassis
- Castor
- †Castor canadensis
- Catapleura
- †Catapleura repanda – type locality for species
- †Cephalotropis – type locality for genus
- †Cephalotropis coronatus – type locality for species
- Cerastoderma
- †Cerastoderma leptopleurum
- Cervus
- †Cetophis – type locality for genus
- †Cetophis heteroclitus – type locality for species
- Cetorhinus
- †Cetotherium
Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene whale Cetotherium- †Cetotherium megalophysum
- †Cetotherium parvum – type locality for species
- Chama
- †Chama corticosa
- Chelone
- Chelydra
- †Chesacardium
- †Chesacardium craticuloides
- †Chesacardium laqueatum
- †Chesaclava – type locality for genus
- †Chesaclava dissimilis
- †Chesaclava quarlesi – type locality for species
- †Chesaconavus
- †Chesaconavus chesapeakensis
- †Chesaconavus rossi
- †Chesaconcavus
- †Chesaconcavus chesapeakensis
- †Chesaconcavus myosulcatus
- †Chesaconcavus proteus
- †Chesaconcavus rossi
- †Chesaconcavus santamaria
- †Chesapecten
- †Chesapecten coccymelus
- †Chesapecten coccymeus
- †Chesapecten covepointensis
- †Chesapecten jeffersonius
Shells of the Pliocene scallop Chesapecten jeffersonius - †Chesapecten madisonius
- †Chesapecten monicae
- †Chesapecten nefrens
- †Chesapecten santamaria
- †Chesasyrinx – type locality for genus
- †Chesasyrinx rotifera
- †Chesatrophon – type locality for genus
- †Chesatrophon chesapeakeanus – type locality for species
- Chlamys
- †Chlamys choctavensis
- †Chlamys sheldonae
- †Chloridella
- †Chloridella empusa
- Chrysemys
- †Chrysemys picta
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A living Chrysemys picta, or painted turtle
- †Cimomia
- †Cimomia marylandensis – type locality for species
- Circulus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- †Circulus form A informal
- Cirsotrema
- †Cirsotrema form A informal
- †Cirsotrema from B informal
- Clavus
- †Cleistophaeridium
- †Cleistophaeridium placacanthum
- Clementia
- †Clementia inoceriformis
- Clethrionomys
- †Clethrionomys gapperi – or unidentified comparable form
- Cliona
- †Cliona sulphurea
- †Clionia
- †Clionia sulphurea
- Coluber
- Concavus
Fossil of the Miocene-Pleistocene barnacle Concavus- †Concavus concavus
- †Concavus crassostricola
- Condylura
- Conopeum
- †Conopeum germanum
- Conus
- †Conus deluvianus
- †Conus diluvianus
- †Conus sanctaemariae – type locality for species
- Coralliophaga
- †Coralliophaga bryani
- Corbula
Shell of a Corbula basket clam- †Corbula elevata
- †Corbula inaequalis
- †Corbula pectorosa – type locality for species
- †Coronia
- Crassatella
- †Crassatella aquiana
- †Crassatella marylandica
- †Crassatella melinus
- Crassostrea
- Crenilabium – or unidentified comparable form
- †Crenilabium elatum
- †Creonella
- †Creonella obscuriplica – type locality for species
- Crepidula
- †Cretolamna
Fossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna - Crotalus
- Crucibulum
- †Crucibulum constrictum
- †Crucibulum costata
- †Crucibulum multilineatum
- Cryptobranchus
A living Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, or hellbender salamander- †Cryptobranchus guildayi – type locality for species
- Cucullaea
- †Cucullaea gigantea
- †Cucullaea transversa
- Cumingia
- †Cumingia tellinoides
- †Cybium
- Cyclocardia
- †Cyclocardia granulata
- †Cyclopsiella
- †Cyclopsiella lusatica
- Cyclostremiscus
- †Cyclostremiscus sohli – type locality for species
- Cylichna
- †Cylichna venusta – type locality for species
- Cymatosyrinx
- †Cymatosyrinx mariana – type locality for species
- †Cynarctus
- †Cynarctus marylandica – type locality for species
- †Cynarctus wangi – type locality for species
- †Cynorca – tentative report
- Cypraea
- Cyrtopleura
- †Cyrtopleura costata
Shell in multiple views of a Cyrtopleura costata, or angel wing clam
- Cythara
- †Cythereis
- †Cythereis tuberculata
- Cytheridea
- †Cytheridea punctillata
- †Cytheris
- †Cytheris tuberculata
D
- †Dallarca
- †Dallarca elevata
- †Dallarca elnia
- †Dallarca idonea
- †Dallarca staminea
- †Dallarca subrostrata
- Dasyatis
A living Dasyatis stingray- †Dasyatis centrourus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Delphinodon
- †Delphinodon dividum – type locality for species
- †Delphinodon leidyi
- Dentalium
- †Dentalium attenuatum
- †Desmathyus
- Diadophis
- Diodora
- †Diodora griscomi
- †Diodora marlboroensis
- †Diodora marylandica
- †Diodora marylandicus
- †Diodora nassula
- †Diodora redimicula
- †Diorocetus – type locality for genus
Underside of the reconstructed cranium of the Miocene baleen whale Diorocetus- †Diorocetus hiatus – type locality for species
- Diplodonta
- †Diplodonta marlboroensis
- †Diplodonta subvexa
- †Dipoides
- Discinisca
- †Discinisca lugubris
- †Discinisca lugubrius
- Divalinga
- †Divalinga quadrisulcata
- †Dolicholatirus
- Dosinia
Fossil shell of the Cretaceous-modern marine venus clam Dosinia- †Dosinia acetabulum
- †Dosiniopsis
- †Dosiniopsis lenticularis
E
- †Eburneopecten
- †Eburneopecten cerinus – type locality for species
- †Eburneopecten dalli
- Echinocardium
- †Echinocardium marylandiense – type locality for species
- Echinophoria – type locality for genus
- †Echinophoria caelatura
- †Ecphora
- †Ecphora chesapeakensis – type locality for species
- †Ecphora gardnerae
Illustration of a fossilized shell of the Miocene murex sea snail Ecphora gardnerae - †Ecphora meganae
- †Ecphora quadricostata
- †Ecphora scientistensis
- †Ecphora tampaensis
- †Ecphora tricostata
- †Ecphora turneri
- †Ectoganus
- †Ectoganus gliriformis – or unidentified comparable form
- †Ectopistes
- Elaphe
- Electra
- †Electra monostachys
- Elphidium
- †Elphidium discoidale
- †Elphidium incertum
- †Elphidium latispatium
- Ensis
- †Ensis directus
- †Ensis ensiformis
- †Entobia
- Entosolenia
- †Entosolenia globosa
- †Entosolenia lucida
- Eontia
- †Eontia palmerae
- †Eontia ponderosa
- †Eopleurotoma – or unidentified comparable form
- †Eopleurotoma harrisi
- †Eopleurotoma potomacensis
- †Eosuchus
Fossilized cranium in multiple views of the Paleocene-Eocene gavial relative Eosuchus- †Eosuchus minor
- †Eosurcula – or unidentified comparable form
- †Eosurcula ducateli
- Epitonium
- †Epitonium angulatum
- †Epitonium chancellorensis – type locality for species
- †Epitonium denticulatum
- †Epitonium humphreysii
- †Epitonium multistriatum
- †Epitonium rupicola
- †Epitonium sayanum
- Eponides
- †Eponides frigida
- Eptesicus
- †Eptesicus fuscus – or unidentified comparable form
- Equus
- †Equus complicatus
- †Equus giganteus
- Erethizon
- †Erethizon dorsatum
- †Euceratherium
Life restoration of the Pleistocene bovid Euceratherium, or the shrub ox. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913). - †Euclastes – tentative report
- Eucrassatella
- †Eucrassatella melinus
- Eulima
- †Eulima brightseatensis – type locality for species
- †Eulima form A informal
- Eumeces
- †Eumeces fasciatus – or unidentified comparable form
- Eupleura
- †Eurhinodelphis
Life restoration of the Miocene whale Eurhinodelphis (above)- †Eurhinodelphis longirostris
- Euspira
- †Euspira heros
- †Euspira marylandica
- †Euspira tuomeyi
F
- Felis
- †Felis couguar
- †Ficopsis
- Fissurella
- †Fissurella fluviamariana – type locality for species
- †Fistulobalanus
Living Fistulobalanus barnacles- †Fistulobalanus klemmi
- †Florilus
- †Florilus chesapeakensis
- †Florimetis
- †Florimetis biplicata
- †Fulgar
- †Fulgar coronatum
G
- Galeocerdo
A living Galeocerdo cuvier, or tiger shark- †Galeocerdo aduncus
- †Galeocerdo appendiculatus
- †Galeocerdo contortus
- †Galeocerdo latidens
- Galeodea
- Gari
- †Gari gubernatoria
- Gastrochaena
- Gavia
- †Gavialosuchus
Fossilized skull of the Miocene crocodile relative Gavialosuchus- †Gavialosuchus antiquus
- Gegania
- †Gegania marylandica
- Gemma
- Genota – or unidentified comparable form
- †Genota bellistriata
- Geukensia
- Gibbula – tentative report
- †Gibbula glandula
- †Gilbertina
- †Gilbertina texana
- Glaucomys
A living Glaucomys, or New World flying squirrel - Globigerina
- †Globigerina praebulloides
- Globigerinoides
- †Globigerinoides altiaperturus
- †Globigerinoides sicanus
- †Globoquadrina
- †Globoquadrina altispira
- Glossus
- †Glossus fraterna
- †Glossus ignolea – or unidentified comparable form
- †Glossus markoei
- †Glossus markoii
- †Glossus marylandica
- †Glossus mazlea
- †Glossus santamaria
- Glycimeris
- †Glycimeris parilis
- Glycymeris
- †Glycymeris americana
- †Glycymeris idonea
- †Glycymeris lentiformis
- †Glycymeris parilis
- Glyptemys
- †Gomphotherium
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Gomphotherium- †Gomphotherium obscurum – type locality for species
- †Gryphaeostrea
- †Gryphaeostrea vomer
- Gulo
- Gyrinophilus
- †Gyrinophilus porphyriticus – or unidentified comparable form
H
- †Habibacysta
- †Habibacysta tectata
- †Hadrodelphis – type locality for genus
- †Hadrodelphis calvertense – type locality for species
- †Halicetus – type locality for genus
- †Halicetus ignotus – type locality for species
- Haminoea
- †Haminoea solitaria
- Hastula
Shells in differing orientations of Hastula augur sea snails- †Hastula inornata
- †Hastula simplex
- Haustator
- †Haustator form A informal
- †Haustator gnoma – type locality for species
- †Haustator premortoni – type locality for species
- †Heliadornis – type locality for genus
- †Heliadornis ashbyi – type locality for species
- Hemimactra
- †Hemimactra solidissima
- †Hemimactra subparilis
- Hemipristis
- †Hemipristis serra
Fossilized teeth of the Miocene weasel shark Hemipristis serra
- †Hercoglossa
- †Hercoglossa tuomeyi – type locality for species
- †Hesperhys
- Heterodon
- †Heterodon platyrhinos – or unidentified comparable form
- Hiatella
- †Hiatella arctica
- †Hiatella artica
- Hippoporidra
- †Hippoporidra edax
- †Hippotherium
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pliocene horse Hippotherium - Hyla
- Hyotissa
- †Hyotissa haitensis
- Hysteroconcha
- †Hysteroconcha marylandica
- †Hysteroconcha staminaea
- †Hystrichosphaeropsis
- †Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura
I
- Ictalurus
- Ilyanassa
- Ischadium
- †Ischyodus
Fossilized skeleton of the Middle Jurassic-Miocene Chimaera relative Ischyodus- †Ischyodus williamsae – type locality for species
- Isognomon
- †Isognomon maxillata
- †Isognomon tortum
- Isurus
- †Ixacanthus – type locality for genus
- †Ixacanthus coelospondylus – type locality for species
J
- †Judithemys
- †Judithemys kranzi – type locality for species
K
- Kalolophus
- †Kalolophus antillarum
- †Kapalmerella
- †Kapalmerella mortoni
- †Kentriodon – type locality for genus
Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene dolphin Kentriodon- †Kentriodon pernix – type locality for species
- †Kummelia
- †Kummelia americana
- Kuphus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Kurtziella
L
- †Labyrinthodinium
- †Labyrinthodinium truncatum
- †Lacinia
- †Lacinia pygmaea – type locality for species
- Lacuna
- †Lacuna feorra – type locality for species
- †Laevihastula – type locality for genus
- †Laevihastula marylandica – type locality for species
- †Laevihastula simplex
- †Lagodon
- Lamna
A modern Lamna mackerel shark- †Lamna denticulata
- †Lamna obliqua
- †Lamna vincenti
- Lampropeltis
- Lasiopodomys
- †Lasiopodomys deceitensis
- Lenticulina
- †Lenticulina rotulata
- Lepisosteus
- †Leptomactra
- †Leptomactra delumbis
- †Leptomactra marylandica
- †Leptophoca – type locality for genus
- †Leptophoca lenis – type locality for species
- †Leptophoca proxima – or unidentified comparable form
- Lepus
- †Lepus americanus
A living Lepus americanus, or snowshoe hare
- †Levifusus
- †Levifusus trabeatus
- Libinia
- †Lingulodinium
- †Lingulodinium macherophorum
- Lirophora
- †Lirophora alevata
- †Lirophora alveata
- †Lirophora latilirata
- †Lirophora parkeria
- Lithophaga – or unidentified comparable form
- †Lithophaga marylandica
- Littoraria
- Lontra
- †Lontra canadensis
Pair of living Lontra canadensis, or North American river otter
- †Lophocetus
- †Lophocetus calvertensis – type locality for species
- †Lophocetus pappus – type locality for species
- †Lophochelys – tentative report
- Lopholatilus
- Loxoconcha
- †Loxoconcha impressa
- Lucina – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- Lucina
- †Lucina dartoni
- †Lucina whitei
- Lucinoma
- †Lucinoma contracta
- †Lucinoma filosa
- Lunatia
- †Lunatia catenoides
- Lyonsia
- †Lyonsia hyalina
M
- Macoma
- †Macoma balthica
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Shell of a Limecola balthica, or Baltic clam - †Macoma calcarea
- Macrocallista
- †Macrocallista marylandica
- †Macrocallista subimpressa
- †Macrokentriodon – type locality for genus
- †Macrokentriodon morani – type locality for species
- Mactrodesma
- †Mactrodesma subponderosa
- †Mactrodesma subponderosum
- †Mammut
- †Mammuthus
- †Mammuthus columbi
- †Mammuthus primigenius
Life restorations of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon (right), and a Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoth (left)
- Marginella
- †Mariacolpus – type locality for genus
- †Mariacolpus plebeia
- †Mariadrillia – type locality for genus
- †Mariadrillia parvoidea
- †Mariafusus – type locality for genus
- †Mariafusus marylandica
- †Marianarona – type locality for genus
- †Marianarona asheri – type locality for species
- †Marianarona marylandica – type locality for species
- †Mariasalpinx – type locality for genus
- †Mariasalpinx emilyae – type locality for species
- †Mariasveltia – type locality for genus
- †Mariasveltia lunata
- †Mariaturricula – type locality for genus
- †Mariaturricula biscatenaria
- Marmota
- †Marmota monax
A living Marmota monax, or groundhog
- Martesia
- †Martesia cuneiformis
- †Martesia ovalis
- †Marvacrassatella
- †Marvacrassatella marylandica
- †Marvacrassatella melina
- †Marvacrassatella turgidula
- Massilina
- †Massilina marylandica
- Mathilda
- †Mathilda crebricosta – type locality for species
- †Mathilda form A informal
- †Mathilda form B informal
- †Mathilda form C informal
- †Mathilda kauffmani – type locality for species
- †Mathilda marylandensis – type locality for species
- †Medoriopsis
- †Medoriopsis marylandica
- †Megalonyx
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Megalonyx - Megaptera
- †Megaptera expansa – type locality for species
- Melampus
- Melanitta
- Meleagris
- †Melosia
- †Melosia staminea
- Membranipora
- †Membranipora flabellata
- Menestho
- †Menestho form A informal
- Mephitis
- Mercenaria
- †Mercenaria blakei
- †Mercenaria campechiensis
- †Mercenaria cuneata – type locality for species
- †Mercenaria ducatelli – tentative report
- †Mercenaria mercenaria
Collection of Mercenaria mercenaria, also known as hard clams or quahogs - †Mercenaria plena
- †Mercenaria staminea
- †Mercenaria subcuneata
- †Mercenaria tetrica
- Meretrix
- †Meretrix subimpressa
- †Merychippus
- †Mesocetus
- †Mesocetus siphunculus
- †Mesorhytis – tentative report
- †Mesorhytis pomonkensis
- †Mesorhytis potomacensis
- †Messapicetus
- †Messapicetus longirostris
- †Metaxytherium
Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene manatee relative Metaxytherium- †Metaxytherium crataegense – type locality for species
- †Micropogon
- †Micropogon undulatus
- Microtus
- †Microtus chrotorrhinus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Microtus guildayi
- †Microtus involutus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Microtus pennsylvanicus
- Mictomys
- †Mictomys borealis
- Miltha
- †Miltha aquiana
- †Miocepphus
- †Miocepphus bohaskai – type locality for species
- †Miocepphus mcclungi
- †Miracinonyx
Restoration of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Miracinonyx, or American cheetah - Mitra
- †Mitra marylandica
- Modiolus
- †Modiolus dalli
- †Modiolus ducatelli
- †Modiolus ducatellii
- †Modiolus modiolus
- †Modiolus potomacensis – type locality for species
- †Moira – tentative report
- †Moira atropos
- †Monotherium
- †Monotherium affine
- Morus
- †Morus avitus – type locality for species
- Mulinia
- Mustela
- †Mustela vison – or unidentified comparable form
A living Neovison vison, or American mink
- †Mya
- Myliobatis
- †Myliobatis dixoni – type locality for species
- †Myliobatis frangens – type locality for species
- †Myliobatis fremenvillii – or unidentified comparable form
- †Myliobatis gigas
- †Myliobatis pachyodon
- †Myliobatis vicomicanus
- †Mylohyus
Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus- †Mylohyus fossilis – type locality for species
- †Mylohyus obtusidens
- Myodes
- Myotis
- †Myotis grisescens – or unidentified comparable form
- Myrtea – tentative report
- †Myrtea astartiformis
- †Myrtea uhleri
- Mysella
- †Mysella planulata
- Mytilus
- †Mytilus incurvus
N
- †Nanosiren – tentative report
- Napaeozapus
- Narona
- †Narona potomacensis
- Nassa
- Nassarius
A living Nassarius, or nassa mud snail- †Nassarius peralta
- †Nassarius vibex
- Nemocardium
- †Nemocardium lene
- Neofiber
- Neotoma – type locality for genus
- †Neotoma floridana
- †Neotoma spelaea – type locality for species
- Nerodia
- †Nerodia sipedon
A living Nerodia sipedon, or northern water snake
- Neverita
- †Neverita asheri – type locality for species
- †Neverita cliftonensis
- †Neverita discula – type locality for species
- †Neverita duplicatus
- †Neverita potomacensis – type locality for species
- †Nodisurculina – type locality for genus
- †Nodisurculina engonata
- Noetia
- †Noetia carolinensis
- Nonion
- †Nonion calvertensis
- †Nonion pompilioides
- †Nonion sloanii
- Notidanus
- †Notidanus primigeneus
- †Notidanus primigenius
- Notophthalmus
- †Notophthalmus viridescens – or unidentified comparable form
- Notorynchus
- †Notorynchus cepedianus – type locality for species
.jpg.webp)
Close-up portrait of a living Notorynchus cepedianus, or broadnose sevengill shark
- Novocrania
- †Novocrania lububris
- Nucula
- †Nucula potomacensis
- †Nucula proxima
- †Nucula prunicola
- †Nucula taphria
- Nuculana
- †Nuculana acuta
- †Nuculana cliftonensis
- †Nuculana cultelliformis
- †Nuculana improcera
- †Nuculana liciata
- †Nuculana luciata
- †Nuculana parilis
- †Nuculana tysoni
O
- Ochotona
- †Ochotona princeps – or unidentified comparable form
- Odocoileus
- Odontaspis
A living Odontaspis sand shark- †Odontaspis actutissima
- †Odontaspis acutissima
- †Odontaspis hopei
- †Odontaspis littoralis
- †Odontaspis macrota
- †Odontaspis verticalis
- †Odontaspis winkleri
- †Odontopolys
- Odostomia
- †Odostomia insignifica
- †Ogivalina
- †Ogivalina parvula
- Ondatra
- †Ondatra annectens
- †Ondatra zibethicus
- †Operculodinium
- †Operculodinium centrocarpum
- †Operculodinium piaseckii
- Opheodrys
- Ophiura
- †Ophiura marylandica
- †Orycterocetus
Life restoration of the Miocene sperm whale Orycterocetus- †Orycterocetus crocodilinus
- †Osteopygis
- †Osteopygis roundsi
- Ostrea
- †Ostrea alepidota
- †Ostrea carolinensis
- †Ostrea trachydiscus – type locality for species
- †Otodus
- †Otodus angustidens – tentative report
- †Otodus megalodon
Diagram illustrating the largest (grey) and most conservative (red) size estimates of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Carcharocles megalodon (sometimes Carcharodon or Otodus megalodon) with a whale shark (violet), great white shark (green), and anachronistic human (black) to scale
- Otus
- †Otus guildayi – type locality for species
- †Oxyrhina
- †Oxyrhina cuspidata
- †Oxyrhina desorii
- †Oxyrhina elegans
- †Oxyrhina retroflexa
- †Oxyrhina sillimani
P
- Pagurus
- †Palaeocarcharodon
- †Palaeocarcharodon orientalis
- †Palaeocystodinium
- †Palaeocystodinium golzowense
- †Palaeophis
Restoration of the Cretaceous-Eocene sea snake Palaeophis- †Palaeophis grandis
- †Pamicellaria
- †Pamicellaria convoluta
- Pandora
- †Pandora gouldiana
- Panopea
- †Panopea americana
- †Panopea elongata
- †Panopea goldfussi
- †Panopea goldfussii
- †Panopea whitfieldi
- Panopeus
- Panthera
- †Panthera leo
_(30941994012)_cropped.jpg.webp)
A living Panthera leo, or lion - †Panthera onca
- Paraconcavus
- †Paraconcavus rooseveltensis
- †Paramya
- †Paramya subovata
- Parascalops
- †Parietobalaena – type locality for genus
- †Parietobalaena palmeri – type locality for species
- Parvilucina
- †Parvilucina crenulata
- †Parvilucina multistriata
- †Pasitheola
- †Pasitheola marylandensis – type locality for species
- Pecten
- †Pecten humphreysii
- †Pecten marylandica
- Pekania
- †Pekania diluviana – type locality for species
- †Pelocetus – type locality for genus
- †Pelocetus calvertensis – type locality for species
- †Pelodelphis – type locality for genus
- †Pelodelphis gracilis – type locality for species
- †Pentadinium
- †Pentadinium latincinctum – or unidentified comparable form
- Periploma – tentative report
- Perisoreus
- †Perisoreus canadensis
A living Perisoreus canadensis, or grey jay
- Peromyscus
- †Peromyscus cumberlandensis
- †Peromyscus leucopus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Petauristodon
- †Petauristodon alpinus – or unidentified comparable form
- Petricola
- †Petricola calvertensis
- †Petricola pholadiformis
- Phacoides
- †Phacoides anodonata
- †Phacoides contractus
- †Phenacodus – tentative report
Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene ungulate Phenacodus. Charles R. Knight (1898). - †Phenacomya
- †Phenacomya petrosa
- Phenacomys
- †Phocageneus
- †Phocageneus venustus
- Pholadomya
- †Pholadomya marylandica
- †Physeterula
- Physodon
- †Physodon triqueter
- Pinna
- Pipistrellus
- Pitar
Shell of a Pitar venus clam- †Pitar morrhuanus
- †Pitar ovatus
- †Pitar pyga
- †Pitar subnasuta
- Pitymys
- †Pitymys cumberlandensis
- Placopecten
- †Placopecten clintonius
- †Placopecten marylandica
- †Placopecten virginiana
- Platidia
- †Platidia marylandica – type locality for species
- †Platygonus
Restoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922).- †Platygonus cumberlandensis
- †Platygonus intermedius – type locality for species
- †Platygonus tetragonus
- †Platygonus vetus
- Plecotus
- †Plecotus alleganiensis – type locality for species
- Plethodon
- †Plethodon gultinosus
- Pleurotomella
- †Pleurotomella bellistriata – type locality for species
- †Pliorhytis
- †Pliorhytis centenaria
- Pogonias
- †Pogonias cromis – or unidentified comparable form
A living Pogonias cromis, or black drum
- †Poliniciella – type locality for genus
- †Poliniciella marylandica – type locality for species
- Polydora
- Polystira
- †Polystira barretti
- †Polystira communis
- Poromya
- †Poromya subovata
- †Praeorbulina
- †Praeorbulina glomerosa
- †Presbyornis
Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene waterfowl Presbyornis- †Presbyornis isoni – type locality for species
- †Prionodon
- †Prionodon egertoni
- Prionotus
- †Prionotus evolans – or unidentified related form
- †Priscodelphinus
- †Priscodelphinus acutidens – type locality for species
- †Priscodelphinus atropius – type locality for species
- †Priscodelphinus conradi
- †Priscodelphinus stenus – type locality for species
- †Priscodelphinus uraeus
- †Priscoficus
- †Priscoficus arguta
- Propebela
- †Propebela marylandica – type locality for species
- †Propebela parva
- Prophaethon – tentative report
- †Prosthennops
- †Prosthennops niobrarensis
- †Prosthennops xiphodonticus
- †Protocardia
- †Protocardia virginiana
- Pseudacris
- †Pseudacris triseriata
A living Pseudacris triseriata, or western chorus frog
- †Pseudoaptyxis
- †Pseudoaptyxis sanctaemariae – type locality for species
- †Pseudocepphus – type locality for genus
- †Pseudocepphus teres – type locality for species
- Pseudoliva
- †Pseudoliva longicostata – type locality for species
- †Pseudoliva tuberculifera
- Pseudomalaxis – or unidentified comparable form
- †Pseudomalaxis ripleyana
- †Pseudophorus
- †Pseudophorus calvertensis – type locality for species
- †Pseudotrition
- †Pseudotrition ruber
- Pteria
- †Ptychosalpinx
- †Ptychosalpinx altilis
- †Ptychosalpinx multirugata
- †Ptychosalpinx pustulosus – type locality for species
- Puffinus
A living Puffinus shearwater- †Puffinus conradi – type locality for species
- Pycnodonte
- †Pycnodonte percrassa
- †Pyropsis – tentative report
Q
- Quinqueloculina
Shell of a Quinqueloculina foraminiferan- †Quinqueloculina flexuosa
- †Quinqueloculina seminula
R
- †Rana
- †Rana clamitans
A living Lithobates clamitans (sometimes Rana clamitans), or green frog - †Rana pipiens
- †Rana sylvatica
- Rangia
- Ranzania
- †Reticulatosphaera
- †Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata
- Retusa
- †Retusa conulus
- †Retusa marylandica
- †Retusa sylvaerupis
- †Rhabdosteus – type locality for genus
- †Rhabdosteus latiradix – type locality for species
- Rhinoptera
- Rhynchobatus
- †Rhynchobatus pristinus
- †Roccus
- †Roccus saxatilis
A living Morone saxatilis (formerly Roccus saxatilis), or striped bass
- †Rotalia
- †Rotalia beccardi
- †Rotalia beccarii
S
- Saccella
- †Saccella parva
- Salamandra
- †Salamandra opaca
- †Sangamona
- †Sangamona fugitiva
- †Scala
- †Scala marylandica
- †Scaldicetus
Fossilized teeth of the Neogene sperm whale Scaldicetus - †Scapanorhynchus
- †Scapanorhynchus subulatus – tentative report
- Scaphander
- †Scaphander potomacensis – type locality for species
- Scaphella – type locality for genus
- †Scaphella solitaria
- †Scaphella virginiana
- Sceloporus
- †Sceloporus undulatus – or unidentified comparable form
- †Schizodelphis
Fossilized skull of the Miocene toothed whale Schizodelphis- †Schizodelphis barnesi
- †Schizodelphis sulcatus
- Schizoporella
- Sciaenops
- †Sciaenops eastmani
- Sciuropterus
- †Sciuropterus volans
- Sciurus
- †Scutella
- †Scutella aberti
- †Sediliopsis – type locality for genus
- Seila
- Semele – tentative report
- Semele
- †Semele carinata
- †Semele subovata
- Serpulorbis
- †Serpulorbis granifera
- †Serpulorbis graniferus
- †Sigmesalia
- †Sigmesalia palmerae – type locality for species
- Siphonalia
- †Siphonalia devexus
- †Siphonalia potomacensis – type locality for species
- †Siphonocetus
- †Siphonocetus clarkianus
- †Siphonocetus priscus
- †Smilodon
Life restoration of the Pleistocene-Holocene saber-tooth cat Smilodon - †Smilodontopis
- †Smilodontopis mooreheadi
- Solariorbis
- †Solariorbis form A informal
- †Solariorbis laurelae – type locality for species
- †Solariorbis lipara
- †Solarium
- †Solarium trilineatum
- Solecardia
- †Solecardia cossmani
- Solen
- Sorex
- †Sorex cinereus
A living Sorex cinereus, or cinereus shrew - †Sorex fumeus
- Spermophilus
- †Sphaerula
- †Sphaerula subvexa
- Sphenia – tentative report
- †Sphyraenodus
- †Sphyraenodus speciosus
- Sphyrna
A living Sphyrna hammerhead shark- †Sphyrna laevissima – type locality for species
- †Sphyrna magna
- †Sphyrna prisca
- Spilogale
- †Spilogale putorius – type locality for species
- †Spiniferites
- †Spiniferites mirabilis
- Spiroplectammina
- †Spiroplectammina spinosa
- Spisula
- †Spisula subcuneata
- †Squalodon
Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene shark-toothed dolphin Squalodon- †Squalodon atlanticus
- †Squalodon calvertensis – type locality for species
- †Squalodon mento – type locality for species
- †Squalodon protervus
- †Squalodon whitmorei
- †Squalodon wymanii – type locality for species
- Squatina
- †Squatina occidentalis – type locality for species
- Squilla
- †Squilla empusa
Illustration of a living Squilla empusa mantis shrimp
- †Stenasodelphis – type locality for genus
- †Stenasodelphis russellae – type locality for species
- Stewartia
- †Stewartia anodonta
- †Stewartia foremani
- Sthenorytis
- †Sthenorytis pachypleura
- Stramonita
- †Stramonita haemostoma
- †Strepsidura
- Strioterebrum
- †Strioterebrum dislocatum
- Stylopoma
- †Stylopoma spongites
- †Sumatradinium
- †Sumatradinium druggii
- †Syllomus
- †Syllomus aegyptiacus – type locality for species
- Sylvilagus
- Synaptomys
- †Synaptomys cooperi
A living Synaptomys cooperi, or southern bog lemming
- †Synechodus
- †Synechodus clarki
- †Synechodus clarkia
- Syrnola
- †Syrnola toulmini – type locality for species
T
- Tagelus
- †Tagelus plebeius
- Tamias
- Tamiasciurus
- †Taphrosphys
- †Taphrosphys miocenica – type locality for species
- †Tapiravus
- †Tapiravus validus – or unidentified comparable form
- Tapirus
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A living Tapirus, or tapir- †Tapirus haysii – or unidentified comparable form
- †Tasbacka
- †Tasbacka ruhoffi – type locality for species
- Taxidea
- †Taxidea taxus – type locality for species
- †Tectatodinium
- †Tectatodinium pellitum
- Teinostoma
- †Teinostoma barryi
- †Teinostoma umbilicatum
- Tellina
- †Tellina virginiana
- †Tellina williamsi
- Terebra
- †Terebra inornata
- Terebratula
- †Terebratula marylandica – type locality for species
- Teredo
- †Teredo virginiana
- Terrapene
- Testudo
- †Testudo ducateli – type locality for species
- Textularia
- †Textularia ultimainflata
- Thamnophis
- †Thecachampsa
Fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene gavial relative Thecachampsa- †Thecachampsa antiqua
- †Thecachampsa marylandica – type locality for species
- †Thinocetus
- †Thinocetus arthritus
- Thomomys – type locality for genus
- †Thomomys potomacensis – type locality for species
- Thracia
- †Thracia conradi
- Torcula
- †Torcula variabilis
- †Tornatellaea
- †Tornatellaea texana
- Torquesia
- †Torquesia prehumerosa – type locality for species
- Tremarctos
A living Tremarctos, or spectacled bear - †Tretosphys
- †Tretosphys lacertosus – type locality for species
- †Tretosphys ruschenbergeri – type locality for species
- Triloculina
- †Triloculina rotunda
- Trionyx – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- †Trionyx halophilus
- Triphora
- †Triphora tricincta
- Tritonium
- †Tritonium centrosum – type locality for species
- Trochita
- †Trochita aperta
- †Trygon
- †Trygon dux
- †Tuba – tentative report
- †Tuberculodinium
- †Tuberculodinium vancampoae
- Tudicla – or unidentified comparable form
- Turricula – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- †Turrifulgur – type locality for genus
- †Turrifulgur turriculus – type locality for species
- Turris – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
- †Turris piscatavensis
- †Turris tysoni
- Turritella
Fossilized shells of the Late Jurassic-modern tower snail Turritella- †Turritella alticostata
- †Turritella exaltata
- †Turritella humerosa
- †Turritella indenta
- †Turritella indentata
- †Turritella plebeius
- †Turritella plebeua
- †Turritella potomacensis
- †Turritella subponderosa
- †Turritella subvariabilis
- †Turritella terebriformis
- Tursiops
A living Tursiops, or bottlenose dolphin - Typhis
- †Typhis acuticosta
U
- Umbraculum – tentative report
- Urosalpinx
- †Urosalpinx cinerea
- †Urosalpinx subrusticus
- Ursus
- †Ursus americanus
A living Ursus americanus, or American black bear
V
- Venericardia
- †Venericardia ascia
- †Venericardia potapacoensis
- †Venericardia regia
- Vespertilio
A living Vespertilio bat- †Vespertilio grandis
- Vitrinella
- †Vitrinella clarkmartini – type locality for species
- Volutifusus
- †Volutifusus acus – type locality for species
- †Volutifusus asheri – type locality for species
- †Volutifusus marylandicus – type locality for species
- †Volutifusus meganucleus – type locality for species
- †Volutifusus mutabilis
- Volvulella
- Vulpes
X
- Xestoleberis
- †Xiphiacetus
Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene whale Xiphiacetus- †Xiphiacetus bossi – type locality for species
- †Xiphiacetus cristatus – type locality for species
- Xiphias
- †Xiphias radiata – tentative report
Y
- Yoldia
- †Yoldia laevis
- †Yoldia limatula
Illustration of the shell of a Yoldia limatula, or file yoldia - †Yoldia potomacensis
- †Yolida
Z
- †Zarhachis – type locality for genus
- †Zarhachis crassangulum – type locality for species
- †Zarhachis flagellator – type locality for species
- †Zarhachis tysonii – type locality for species
- †Zikkuratia
- †Zikkuratia danica – type locality for species
- †Zizyphinus
- †Zizyphinus bryanii – type locality for species
References
- Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 7 August 2017.
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