Neosuchia

Neosuchia is a clade within Mesoeucrocodylia that includes all modern extant crocodilians and their closest fossil relatives.[1] It is defined as the most inclusive clade containing all crocodylomorphs more closely related to Crocodylus niloticus (the Nile Crocodile) than to Notosuchus terrestris.[2] Neosuchia is very diverse and may be polyphyletic, as the clade has undergone many revisions since it was first named in 1988.[3] Neosuchians first appear in the Early Jurassic with the earliest known goniopholid Calsoyasuchus, which lived during the Sinemurian and Pliensbachian stages.[4]

Neosuchia
Temporal range: Early Jurassic - Recent, 196.5–0 Ma
Goniopholis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Metasuchia
Clade: Neosuchia
Suborders and families

Characteristics

A tooth notch between the maxilla and premaxilla is a basal characteristic of the Neosuchia, although it is lost in some more derived forms, most notably alligatorids.

Classification

Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of neosuchians from Buscalioni et al., 2011:[5]

Neosuchia
 

Theriosuchus

 
 
 

Goniopholis

 
 
 

Bernissartia fagesii

 
 
 

Susisuchus anatoceps

 
 
 

Las Hoyas neosuchian

 
Eusuchia
 

Isisfordia duncani

 
 
 
Hylaeochampsidae
 

Hylaeochampsa vectiana

 
 
 

Iharkutosuchus

 
 
 

Pietraroiasuchus ormezzanoi

 
 

Pachycheilosuchus trinquei

 
 
 
 
 
 

Allodaposuchus sp.

 
 

Allodaposuchus precedens

 
 
 
Crocodylia
 
 
 

Borealosuchus sternbergii

 
 
 

Borealosuchus formidabilis

 
 
 

Borealosuchus wilsoni

 
 

Borealosuchus acutidentatus

 
 
 
 
Gavialoidea
 

Eothoracosaurus mississippiensis

 
 
 

Thoracosaurus macrorhynchus

 
 
 

Thecachampsoides minor

 
 
 

Eogavialis africanum

 
 
 

Gavialis gangeticus

 
 
 

Siquisiquesuchus venezuelensis

 
 

Gryposuchus colombianus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brevirostres
 

Pristichampsus

 
 
Alligatoroidea
 

Leidyosuchus canadensis

 
 
 
 

Diplocynodon darwinii

 
 

Baryphracta deponiae

 
 
 
 

Brachychampsa montana

 
 
 

Stangerochampsa mccabei

 
 
 
 

Alligator mississippiensis

 
 
 

Paleosuchus trigonatus

 
 
 

Caiman yacare

 
 
 

Caiman latirostris

 
 

Melanosuchus niger

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Navajosuchus mooki

 
 

Hassiacosuchus haupti

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Crocodyloidea
 

Asiatosuchus germanicus

 
 

Prodiplocynodon langi

 
 
 

Crocodylus affinis

 
 
 

Brachyuranochampsa eversolei

 
 

Crocodylus acer

 
 
 
 

Australosuchus clarkae

 
 
 

Crocodylus megarhinus

 
 
 
 

Crocodylus cataphractus

 
 

Crocodylus porosus

 
 
 
 

Osteolaemus tetraspis

 
 

Crocodylus robustus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Kentisuchus spenceri

 
 
 

Gavialosuchus americanus

 
 
 

Tomistoma schlegelii

 
 

Tomistoma lusitanica

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

In 2012, paleontologists Mario Bronzati, Felipe Chinaglia Montefeltro, and Max C. Langer conducted a broad phylogenetic analysis to produce supertrees of Crocodyliformes, including 184 species. The most parsimonious trees were highly resolved, meaning the phylogenetic relationships found in the analysis were highly likely. Below is a consensus tree from the study:[6]

Neosuchia
 

Khoratosuchus jintasakuli

 
 

Stolokrosuchus lapparenti

 
 
Atoposauridae
 

Pachycheilosuchus trinquei

 
 

Montsecosuchus depereti

 
 
 

Atoposaurus

 
 

Alligatorellus beaumonti

 
 
 
 

Alligatorium

 
 
 

Sabresuchus symplesiodon

 
 

Theriosuchus pusillus

 
 

Theriosuchus guimarotae

 
 
 
 
 
Goniopholididae
 
 

Eutretauranosuchus delfsi

 
 
 

Calsoyasuchus valliceps

 
 
 

Sunosuchus miaoi

 
 

Sunosuchus junggarensis

 
 
 
 
 
 

Vectisuchus leptognathus

 
 
 

Siamosuchus phuphokensis

 
 

Goniopholis stovalli

 
 

Goniopholis simus

 
 

Amphicotylus lucasii

 
 

Goniopholis crassidens

 
 

Goniopholis baryglyphaeus

 
 
 
 
 
 

Laganosuchus thaumastos

 
 
 

Bernissartia fagesii

 
 
 

Leidyosuchus canadensis

 
 

Las Hoyas Neosuchia

 
 

Glen Rose Form

 
 
 
 

Shamosuchus djadochtaensis

 
 

Rugosuchus nonganensis

 
 
 
 
 

Susisuchus jaguaribensis

 
 

Susisuchus anatoceps

 
 
Eusuchia
 

Isisfordia duncani

 
 
 
 

Allodaposuchus precedens

 
 
 

Iharkutosuchus makadii

 
 

Hylaeochampsa vectiana

 
 
 
 
 
 

Crocodylia

 
 

Boverisuchus vorax

 
 
 
 

Borealosuchus wilsoni

 
 

Borealosuchus sternbergii

 
 

Borealosuchus formidabilis

 
 

Borealosuchus acutidentatus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Elosuchus

 
 
 
 

Pholidosaurus purbeckensis

 
 

Pholidosaurus decipiens

 
 
 
 
 

Terminonaris robusta

 
 

Sarcosuchus imperator

 
 

Sarcosuchus hartti

 
 
Dyrosauridae
 

Oceanosuchus boecensis

 
 

Sokotosuchus ianwilsoni

 
 
 

Chenanisuchus lateroculi

 
 
 

Phosphatosaurus gavialoides

 
 
 

Cerrejonisuchus improcerus

 
 
 
 

Dyrosaurus phosphaticus

 
 

Dyrosaurus maghribensis

 
 
 
 

Arambourgisuchus khouribgaensis

 
 
 

Hyposaurus rogersii

 
 
 

Congosaurus bequaerti

 
 
 

Guarinisuchus munizi

 
 
 

Rhabdognathus sp.

 
 

Atlantosuchus coupatezi

 
 
 

Rhabdognathus keiniensis

 
 

Rhabdognathus aslerensis

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Thalattosuchia
 

Pelagosaurus typus

 
 
Teleosauridae
 

"Mystriosaurus"

 
 

Platysuchus multiscrobiculatus

 
 
 

Steneosaurus larteti

 
 

Steneosaurus edwardsi

 
 

Steneosaurus durobrivensis

 
 

Steneosaurus boutilieri

 
 

Steneosaurus bollensis

 
 

Machimosaurus hugii

 
 
 

Steneosaurus priscus

 
 

Steneosaurus baroni

 
 
 
 

Steneosaurus leedsi

 
 

Steneosaurus heberti

 
 
 
 

Steneosaurus gracilirostris

 
 

Steneosaurus brevior

 
 
 
 

Steneosaurus pictaviensis

 
 

Peipehsuchus teleorhinus

 
 
 

Teleosaurus cadomensis

 
 

Steneosaurus megarhinus

 
 
 
 
 
Metriorhynchoidea
 

Teleidosaurus calvadosii

 
 
 

Eoneustes bathonicus

 
 
 

Eoneustes gaudryi

 
 
 

Metriorhynchus sp. Chile

 
 
 

Zoneait nargorum

 
 
 
 
 
 

M. aff. M. brachyrhynchus

 
 
 

Purranisaurus potens

 
 

Purranisaurus casamiquelai

 
 
 
 
 

Suchodus durobrivensis

 
 

Suchodus brachyrhynchus

 
 
 
 
 
 

Gracilineustes acutus

 
 

Gracilineustes leedsi

 
 
 
 

Metriorhynchus superciliosus

 
 
 

Metriorhynchus geoffroyii

 
 
 

Metriorhynchus sp.

 
 

Metriorhynchus hastifer

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Dakosaurus sp. Mexico

 
 
 

Plesiosuchus manselii

 
 
 

Dakosaurus maximus

 
 

Dakosaurus andiniensis

 
 
 
 
 
 

Neptunidraco ammoniticus

 
 

Torvoneustes carpenteri

 
 
 

Geosaurus lapparenti

 
 
 

Geosaurus grandis

 
 

Geosaurus giganteus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Metriorhynchus indet.

 
 
 

Rhacheosaurus gracilis

 
 
 

Geosaurus sp. Cuba

 
 

Cricosaurus saltillense

 
 

Cricosaurus elegans

 
 

Cricosaurus suevicus

 
 
 

Cricosaurus gracilis

 
 

Cricosaurus vignaudi

 
 
 

Cricosaurus araucanensis

 
 
 

Cricosaurus schroederi

 
 

Cricosaurus macrospondylus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

See also

References

  1. Wilson, J. A.; Malkani, M. S.; Gingerich, P. D. (2001). "New crocodyliform (Reptilia, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous Pab Formation of Vitakri, Balochistan (Pakistan)" (PDF). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 30 (12): 321–336. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
  2. Larsson, H. C. E.; Sidor, C. A.; Gado, B.; Gado, B (2001). "The giant crocodyliform Sarcosuchus from the Cretaceous of Africa" (PDF). Science. 294 (5546): 1516–1519. doi:10.1126/science.1066521. PMID 11679634. S2CID 22956704. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
  3. Benton, M. J. & Clark, J. M. (1998). Archosaur phylogeny and the relationships of the Crocodylia, p. 289-332. In Benton, M.J. (ed.), The Phylogeny and Classification of Tetrapods, Vol. 1 ., Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  4. Tykoski, R. S.; Rowe, T. B.; Ketcham, R. A.; Colbert, M. W. (2002). "Calsoyasuchus valliceps, a new crocodyliform from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (3): 593–611. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0593:CVANCF]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
  5. Buscalioni, A.D.; Piras, P.; Vullo, R.; Signore, M.; Barbera, C. (2011). "Early eusuchia crocodylomorpha from the vertebrate-rich Plattenkalk of Pietraroia (Lower Albian, southern Apennines, Italy)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 163: S199–S227. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00718.x.
  6. Bronzati, M.; Montefeltro, F. C.; Langer, M. C. (2012). "A species-level supertree of Crocodyliformes". Historical Biology. 24 (6): 598–606. doi:10.1080/08912963.2012.662680. S2CID 53412111.
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