Hymenopterida

Hymenopterida is a superorder of insects, comprising Hymenoptera and the orders of Panorpida (Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Diptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera).[1]　The superorder is a member of Endopterygota and most closely related to the orders of Neuropterida and Coleopterida (Coleoptera and Strepsiptera).

Hymenopterida
Temporal range: Triassic–present
Male small skipper (Thymelicus sylvestris)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
(unranked): Eumetabola
(unranked): Endopterygota
Superorder: Hymenopterida
Orders

Evolution

The cladogram based on a 2008 DNA and protein analysis, shows the internal relationships of the superorder as a clade of Hymenoptera and the orders of Panorpida. [2][3][4][5]

Hymenopterida
 
Hymenoptera
 

Xyeloidea (Triassic-present)

 
 
 

Tenthredinoidea

 
 
 

Pamphilioidea

 
Unicalcarida
 

Cephoidea (stem sawflies)

 
 
 

Siricoidea (horntails or wood wasps)

 
 
 

Xiphydrioidea (wood wasps)

 
parasitism
 

Orussoidea (parasitic wood wasps)

 
"wasp waist"

Apocrita (ants, bees, wasps)

200mya
 
 
 
 
 
 
250mya
 
 
Panorpida
Antliophora
 

Diptera (true flies)

 
Mecopteroidea
 

Nannochoristidae

 
 
Mecoptera (scorpionflies, hangingflies)

(exc. Boreidae, Nannochoristidae)
 
 

Boreidae (snow scorpionflies)

 
 

Siphonaptera (fleas)

 
 
 
 
 
Amphiesmenoptera
 

Trichoptera (caddisflies)

 
 

Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)

 
 
 
 
 

See also

References
  1. Weaver J.S.I. The Evolution And Classification Of Trichoptera, With A Revision Of The Lepidostomatidae And A North American Synopsis Of This Family. Degree: Ph.D. Degree Year: 1983 Institute: Clemson University
  2. Whiting, Michael F.; Whiting, Alison S.; Hastriter, Michael W.; Dittmar, Katharina (2008). "A molecular phylogeny of fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera): origins and host associations". Cladistics. 24 (5): 677–707. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.731.5211. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00211.x. S2CID 33808144.
  3. Yeates, David K.; Wiegmann, Brian. "Endopterygota Insects with complete metamorphosis". Tree of Life. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  4. Whiting, Michael F. (2002). "Mecoptera is paraphyletic: multiple genes and phylogeny of Mecoptera and Siphonaptera". Zoologica Scripta. 31 (1): 93–104. doi:10.1046/j.0300-3256.2001.00095.x. S2CID 56100681. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05.
  5. Wiegmann, Brian; Yeates, David K. (2012). The Evolutionary Biology of Flies. Columbia University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-231-50170-5.


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