Gotha G.V

Gotha G.V
Role	Heavy bomber
National origin	German Empire
Manufacturer	Gothaer Waggonfabrik AG
Designer	Hans Burkhard
First flight	1917
Introduction	August 1917
Primary user	Luftstreitkräfte
Produced	1917–1918
Number built	205

The Gotha G.V was a heavy bomber used by the Luftstreitkräfte (Imperial German Air Service) during World War I. Designed for long-range service and built by Gothaer Waggonfabrik AG, the Gotha G.V was used principally as a night bomber.

Internal fuselage arrangement of Burkhard's G.II through G.IV bomber designs. In G.Vs the Gotha tunnel was expanded, the bomb bay and the gangway were replaced with a fuel tank.

Allied forces servicemen inspecting a wrecked "Gotha" bomber, 1917 or 1918

Development

Operational use of the Gotha G.IV demonstrated that the incorporation of the fuel tanks into the engine nacelles was a mistake. In a crash landing the tanks could rupture and spill fuel onto the hot engines. This posed a serious problem because landing accidents caused 75% of operational losses. In response Gothaer produced the G.V, which housed its fuel tanks inside the fuselage. The smaller engine nacelles were mounted on struts above the lower wing.

The Gotha G.V pilot seat was offset to port, with the fuel tanks immediately behind. This blocked the connecting walkway that previously on earlier machines allowed crew members to move between the three gun stations. All bombs were carried externally in this model.

The base variant of G.V offered no performance improvement over the G.IV. The G.V was up to 450 kg (990 lb) heavier than the G.IV due to additional equipment and the use of insufficiently seasoned timber. The Mercedes D.IVa engines could not produce the rated 190 kW (260 hp) due to inferior quality of fuel.

Gotha tunnel

The Gotha included an important innovation in the form of a "gun tunnel", whereby the underside of the rear fuselage was arched, early versions allowing placement of a rearward-facing machine gun, protecting against attack from below, removing the blind spot.[1] Later versions expanded the tunnel to remove the lower gun, providing a slot in the upper fuselage that allowed the rear gunner to remain stationary.

Operational history

The G.V entered service in August 1917. For the performance reasons aforementioned, it generally could not operate at altitudes as high as the G.IV.

Variants

G.Va

In February 1918, Gothaer tested a compound tail unit with biplane horizontal stabilizers and twin rudders. The new tail unit, known as the Kastensteuerung, improved the aircraft's marginal directional control on one engine. The resulting G.Va subvariant incorporated the new tail, as well as a slightly shorter forward fuselage with an auxiliary nose landing gear. All 25 G.Va aircraft were delivered to Bogohl 3, the new designation for the former Kagohl 3.

G.Vb

Carried an increased payload comparing to the earlier G.Va, and operated at a maximum takeoff weight of 4,550 kg (10,030 lb). To reduce the danger of flipping over during landing, Gothaer introduced the Stossfahrgestell ("shock landing gear"), a tandem two-bogie main landing gear. The Stossfahrgestell proved so good that it was fitted to all G.Vs in Bogohl 3. Some G.Vb aircraft also had Flettner servo tabs on the ailerons to reduce control forces.

Idflieg ordered 80 G.Vb aircraft, the first being delivered to Bogohl 3 in June 1918. By the Armistice, all 80 aircraft were built but the last batch did not reach the front and was delivered direct to the Allied special commission.

Operators

German Empire

Luftstreitkräfte

Specifications (Gotha G.V)

Data from Die Deutschen Militärflugzeuge 1910-1918[2]

General characteristics

Crew: 3 (sometimes 4)
Length: 12.36 m (40 ft 7 in)
Wingspan: 23.7 m (77 ft 9 in)
Height: 4.3 m (14 ft 1 in)
Wing area: 89.5 m² (963 sq ft)
Empty weight: 2,740 kg (6,041 lb)
Gross weight: 3,975 kg (8,763 lb)
Powerplant: 2 × Mercedes D.IVa 6-cylinder water-cooled in-line piston engines, 190 kW (260 hp) each
Propellers: wooden fixed-pitch pusher propellers

Performance

Maximum speed: 140 km/h (87 mph, 76 kn)
Range: 840 km (520 mi, 450 nmi)
Service ceiling: 6,500 m (21,300 ft)

Armament

Guns: 2 or 3 × 7.92 mm (.312 in) Parabellum MG 14 machine guns
Bombs: 14 × 25 kg (60 lb.) bombs

References

"Big German Battleplane Splendidly Designed". Popular Mechanics. October 1917. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
Stutzer, Kroschel (1994). Die Deutschen Militärflugzeuge 1910-1918 : mit 143 Vierseitenrissen im Massstab 1:144 (in German) (Lizenzausg ed.). Augsburg: Weltbild. pp. 43, 84, 150. ISBN 9783893506934.

The Complete Encyclopedia of Flight 1848–1939, by John Batchelor and Malcolm V. Lowe

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[1] "Big German Battleplane Splendidly Designed". Popular Mechanics. October 1917. Retrieved 10 February 2009.

[Stutzer-2] Stutzer, Kroschel (1994). Die Deutschen Militärflugzeuge 1910-1918 : mit 143 Vierseitenrissen im Massstab 1:144 (in German) (Lizenzausg ed.). Augsburg: Weltbild. pp. 43, 84, 150. ISBN 9783893506934.

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Fighters	AEG D.I AEG Dr.I Albatros D.I Albatros D.II Albatros D.III Albatros D.V Aviatik D.I Aviatik C.VI Daimler L.6 Euler D.I Euler D.II Fokker D.I Fokker D.II Fokker D.III Fokker D.IV Fokker D.V Fokker D.VI Fokker D.VII Fokker D.VIII Fokker Dr.I Fokker E.I Fokker E.II Fokker E.III Fokker E.IV Fokker E.V Halberstadt D.II Hannover CL.II Hannover CL.III Hannover CL.IV Hannover CL.V Hansa-Brandenburg W.12 Hansa-Brandenburg W.29 Junkers D.I Kondor D.6 Kondor E.III Naglo D.II Pfalz D.III Pfalz D.XII Pfalz Dr.I Pfalz E.I Pfalz E.II Phönix D.I LFG Roland D.II LFG Roland D.VI Siemens-Schuckert D.I Siemens-Schuckert D.II Siemens-Schuckert D.III Siemens-Schuckert D.IV Siemens-Schuckert L.I Zeppelin-Lindau D.I
Bombers and ground attack	AEG DJ.I AEG G.I AEG G.II AEG G.III AEG G.IV AEG G.V AEG J.I AEG J.II AEG R.I Friedrichshafen G.II Friedrichshafen G.III Gotha G.I Gotha G.II Gotha G.III Gotha G.IV Gotha G.V Gotha GL.VII Gotha G.IX Hannover CL.II Junkers CL.I Junkers J.I Rumpler G.I Rumpler G.II Rumpler G.III Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.II Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.III Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.IV Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI
Reconnaissance	AEG B.I AEG B.II AEG B.III AEG C.I AEG C.II AEG C.III AEG C.IV AEG C.V AEG C.VI AEG C.VII AEG C.VIII AGO C.I AGO C.II AGO C.III AGO C.IV AGO C.VII AGO C.VIII Albatros B.I Albatros B.II Albatros C.I Albatros C.III Albatros C.V Albatros C.VII Albatros C.IX Albatros C.X Albatros C.XII Aviatik B.I Aviatik B.II Aviatik C.I Aviatik C.VI DFW C.V LFG Roland C.II LVG B.I LVG C.II Rumpler C.I Rumpler C.IV Rumpler Taube
Trainers	Euler D.I
Prototypes	Albatros C.II Fokker V.1 Fokker V.2 Junkers J 1 Junkers J 2 Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.I