SQL reserved words

This list includes SQL reserved words as specified in the SQL:2016 standard, and also some products' reserved words.

Reserved keywords in SQL and related products
In SQL:2016[1]In DB2 12.0[2]In Mimer SQL 11.0[3]In MySQL 8.0[4]In Oracle Database 19[5]In PostgreSQL 13[6]In Microsoft SQL Server 2019[7]In Teradata 15[8]
ABORT ———————
ABORTSESSION ———————
ABS ——————
ABSOLUTE ———————
ACCESS ———————
ACCESSIBLE ———————
ACCESS_LOCK ———————
ACCOUNT ———————
ACOS ——————
ACOSH ———————
ACTION ———————
ADD ———
ADD_MONTHS ———————
ADMIN ———————
AFTER ——————
AGGREGATE ———————
ALIAS ———————
ALL
ALLOCATE ————
ALLOW ———————
ALTER ——
ALTERAND ———————
AMP ———————
ANALYSE ———————
ANALYZE ——————
AND —
ANSIDATE ———————
ANY —
ARE ——————
ARRAY ————
ARRAY_AGG ———————
ARRAY_EXISTS ———————
ARRAY_MAX_CARDINALITY ———————
AS
ASC ———
ASENSITIVE —————
ASIN ——————
ASINH ———————
ASSERTION ———————
ASSOCIATE ———————
ASUTIME ———————
ASYMMETRIC —————
AT ————
ATAN ——————
ATAN2 ———————
ATANH ———————
ATOMIC —————
AUDIT ——————
AUTHORIZATION ———
AUX ———————
AUXILIARY ———————
AVE ———————
AVERAGE ———————
AVG ——————
BACKUP ———————
BEFORE —————
BEGIN ———
BEGIN_FRAME ———————
BEGIN_PARTITION ———————
BETWEEN —
BIGINT ——————
BINARY ————
BIT ———————
BLOB —————
BOOLEAN ——————
BOTH ———
BREADTH ———————
BREAK ———————
BROWSE ———————
BT ———————
BUFFERPOOL ———————
BULK ———————
BUT ———————
BY —
BYTE ———————
BYTEINT ———————
BYTES ———————
CALL ———
CALLED ——————
CAPTURE ———————
CARDINALITY ———————
CASCADE —————
CASCADED —————
CASE —
CASESPECIFIC ———————
CASE_N ———————
CAST ———
CATALOG ———————
CCSID ———————
CD ———————
CEIL ———————
CEILING ———————
CHANGE ———————
CHAR ———
CHAR2HEXINT ———————
CHARACTER ————
CHARACTERS ———————
CHARACTER_LENGTH ——————
CHARS ———————
CHAR_LENGTH ——————
CHECK
CHECKPOINT ——————
CLASS ———————
CLASSIFIER ———————
CLOB ——————
CLONE ———————
CLOSE ———
CLUSTER —————
CLUSTERED ———————
CM ———————
COALESCE —————
COLLATE ——
COLLATION ——————
COLLECT ——————
COLLECTION ———————
COLLID ———————
COLUMN
COLUMN_VALUE ———————
COMMENT —————
COMMIT ———
COMPLETION ———————
COMPRESS ——————
COMPUTE ———————
CONCAT ———————
CONCURRENTLY ———————
CONDITION ————
CONNECT ———
CONNECTION ——————
CONSTRAINT —
CONSTRAINTS ———————
CONSTRUCTOR ———————
CONTAINS —————
CONTAINSTABLE ———————
CONTENT ———————
CONTINUE ————
CONVERT —————
CONVERT_TABLE_HEADER ———————
COPY ———————
CORR ——————
CORRESPONDING —————
COS ——————
COSH ——————
COUNT ——————
COVAR_POP ——————
COVAR_SAMP ——————
CREATE
CROSS ——
CS ———————
CSUM ———————
CT ———————
CUBE ————
CUME_DIST ——————
CURRENT ——
CURRENT_CATALOG ——————
CURRENT_DATE —
CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP ———————
CURRENT_LC_CTYPE ———————
CURRENT_PATH ————
CURRENT_ROLE —————
CURRENT_ROW ———————
CURRENT_SCHEMA —————
CURRENT_TIME —
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP —
CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE ———————
CURRENT_USER ——
CURRVAL ———————
CURSOR ——
CV ———————
CYCLE ——————
DATA ——————
DATABASE ————
DATABASES ———————
DATABLOCKSIZE ———————
DATE —————
DATEFORM ———————
DAY ————
DAYS ———————
DAY_HOUR ———————
DAY_MICROSECOND ———————
DAY_MINUTE ———————
DAY_SECOND ———————
DBCC ———————
DBINFO ———————
DEALLOCATE ————
DEC —————
DECFLOAT ———————
DECIMAL ————
DECLARE ——
DEFAULT
DEFERRABLE ——————
DEFERRED ———————
DEFINE ———————
DEGREES ———————
DEL ———————
DELAYED ———————
DELETE —
DENSE_RANK ——————
DENY ———————
DEPTH ———————
DEREF ——————
DESC ———
DESCRIBE ————
DESCRIPTOR ——————
DESTROY ———————
DESTRUCTOR ———————
DETERMINISTIC ———
DIAGNOSTIC ———————
DIAGNOSTICS ———————
DICTIONARY ———————
DISABLE ———————
DISABLED ———————
DISALLOW ———————
DISCONNECT —————
DISK ———————
DISTINCT
DISTINCTROW ———————
DISTRIBUTED ———————
DIV ———————
DO ———
DOCUMENT ———————
DOMAIN ———————
DOUBLE ———
DROP —
DSSIZE ———————
DUAL ——————
DUMP ——————
DYNAMIC —————
EACH —————
ECHO ———————
EDITPROC ———————
ELEMENT ———————
ELSE
ELSEIF ———
EMPTY ——————
ENABLED ———————
ENCLOSED ———————
ENCODING ———————
ENCRYPTION ———————
END ——
END-EXEC —————
ENDING ———————
END_FRAME ———————
END_PARTITION ———————
EQ ———————
EQUALS ——————
ERASE ———————
ERRLVL ———————
ERROR ———————
ERRORFILES ———————
ERRORTABLES ———————
ESCAPE ———
ESCAPED ———————
ET ———————
EVERY ——————
EXCEPT —
EXCEPTION ——————
EXCLUSIVE ———————
EXEC —————
EXECUTE ———
EXISTS —
EXIT ————
EXP ——————
EXPLAIN —————
EXTERNAL ———
EXTRACT ——————
FALLBACK ———————
FALSE ———
FASTEXPORT ———————
FENCED ———————
FETCH —
FIELDPROC ———————
FILE ——————
FILLFACTOR ———————
FILTER ———————
FINAL ———————
FIRST —————
FIRST_VALUE ——————
FLOAT ————
FLOAT4 ———————
FLOAT8 ———————
FLOOR ———————
FOR
FORCE ———————
FOREIGN ——
FORMAT ———————
FOUND ———————
FRAME_ROW ———————
FREE —————
FREESPACE ———————
FREETEXT ———————
FREETEXTTABLE ———————
FREEZE ———————
FROM
FULL ——
FULLTEXT ———————
FUNCTION ——
FUSION ———————
GE ———————
GENERAL ———————
GENERATED —————
GET ———
GIVE ———————
GLOBAL ————
GO ——————
GOTO —————
GRANT
GRAPHIC ———————
GROUP
GROUPING —————
GROUPS ——————
GT ———————
HANDLER ————
HASH ———————
HASHAMP ———————
HASHBAKAMP ———————
HASHBUCKET ———————
HASHROW ———————
HAVING
HELP ———————
HIGH_PRIORITY ———————
HOLD —————
HOLDLOCK ———————
HOST ———————
HOUR ————
HOURS ———————
HOUR_MICROSECOND ———————
HOUR_MINUTE ———————
HOUR_SECOND ———————
IDENTIFIED ———————
IDENTITY ————
IDENTITYCOL ———————
IDENTITY_INSERT ———————
IF ——
IGNORE ——————
ILIKE ———————
IMMEDIATE —————
IN
INCLUSIVE ———————
INCONSISTENT ———————
INCREMENT ———————
INDEX ———
INDICATOR —————
INFILE ———————
INHERIT ———————
INITIAL ——————
INITIALIZE ———————
INITIALLY ——————
INITIATE ———————
INNER —
INOUT ———
INPUT ———————
INS ———————
INSENSITIVE —————
INSERT —
INSTEAD ———————
INT —————
INT1 ———————
INT2 ———————
INT3 ———————
INT4 ———————
INT8 ———————
INTEGER ————
INTEGERDATE ———————
INTERSECT —
INTERSECTION ———————
INTERVAL ————
INTO
IO_AFTER_GTIDS ———————
IO_BEFORE_GTIDS ———————
IS
ISNULL ———————
ISOBID ———————
ISOLATION ———————
ITERATE ———
JAR ———————
JOIN —
JOURNAL ———————
JSON_ARRAY ———————
JSON_ARRAYAGG ———————
JSON_EXISTS ———————
JSON_OBJECT ———————
JSON_OBJECTAGG ———————
JSON_QUERY ———————
JSON_TABLE ——————
JSON_TABLE_PRIMITIVE ———————
JSON_VALUE ———————
KEEP ———————
KEY ————
KEYS ———————
KILL ——————
KURTOSIS ———————
LABEL ———————
LAG ——————
LANGUAGE ————
LARGE —————
LAST ——————
LAST_VALUE ——————
LATERAL ————
LC_CTYPE ———————
LE ———————
LEAD ——————
LEADING ———
LEAVE ———
LEFT —
LESS ———————
LEVEL ——————
LIKE
LIKE_REGEX ———————
LIMIT ————
LINEAR ———————
LINENO ———————
LINES ———————
LISTAGG ———————
LN ——————
LOAD ——————
LOADING ———————
LOCAL ————
LOCALE ———————
LOCALTIME ———
LOCALTIMESTAMP ———
LOCATOR ——————
LOCATORS ———————
LOCK ————
LOCKING ———————
LOCKMAX ———————
LOCKSIZE ———————
LOG ——————
LOG10 ———————
LOGGING ———————
LOGON ———————
LONG ————
LONGBLOB ———————
LONGTEXT ———————
LOOP ———
LOWER ——————
LOW_PRIORITY ———————
LT ———————
MACRO ———————
MAINTAINED ———————
MAP ———————
MASTER_BIND ———————
MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT ———————
MATCH ————
MATCHES ———————
MATCH_NUMBER ———————
MATCH_RECOGNIZE ———————
MATERIALIZED ———————
MAVG ———————
MAX ——————
MAXEXTENTS ———————
MAXIMUM ———————
MAXVALUE ———————
MCHARACTERS ———————
MDIFF ———————
MEDIUMBLOB ———————
MEDIUMINT ———————
MEDIUMTEXT ———————
MEMBER ——————
MERGE —————
METHOD ——————
MICROSECOND ———————
MICROSECONDS ———————
MIDDLEINT ———————
MIN ——————
MINDEX ———————
MINIMUM ———————
MINUS ——————
MINUTE ————
MINUTES ———————
MINUTE_MICROSECOND ———————
MINUTE_SECOND ———————
MLINREG ———————
MLOAD ———————
MLSLABEL ———————
MOD —————
MODE ——————
MODIFIES ———
MODIFY ——————
MODULE —————
MONITOR ———————
MONRESOURCE ———————
MONSESSION ———————
MONTH ————
MONTHS ———————
MSUBSTR ———————
MSUM ———————
MULTISET ——————
NAMED ———————
NAMES ———————
NATIONAL ————
NATURAL ———
NCHAR ——————
NCLOB ——————
NE ———————
NESTED_TABLE_ID ———————
NEW —————
NEW_TABLE ———————
NEXT —————
NEXTVAL ———————
NO ————
NOAUDIT ———————
NOCHECK ———————
NOCOMPRESS ———————
NONCLUSTERED ———————
NONE —————
NORMALIZE ———————
NOT
NOTNULL ———————
NOWAIT ——————
NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ———————
NTH_VALUE ——————
NTILE ——————
NULL
NULLIF —————
NULLIFZERO ———————
NULLS ———————
NUMBER ———————
NUMERIC —————
NUMPARTS ———————
OBID ———————
OBJECT ———————
OBJECTS ———————
OCCURRENCES_REGEX ———————
OCTET_LENGTH ——————
OF —
OFF ——————
OFFLINE ———————
OFFSET ————
OFFSETS ———————
OLD ————
OLD_TABLE ———————
OMIT ———————
ON
ONE ———————
ONLINE ———————
ONLY —————
OPEN ———
OPENDATASOURCE ———————
OPENQUERY ———————
OPENROWSET ———————
OPENXML ———————
OPERATION ———————
OPTIMIZATION ———————
OPTIMIZE ——————
OPTIMIZER_COSTS ———————
OPTION ————
OPTIONALLY ———————
OR
ORDER
ORDINALITY ———————
ORGANIZATION ———————
OUT ———
OUTER ——
OUTFILE ———————
OUTPUT ———————
OVER ————
OVERLAPS ————
OVERLAY ———————
OVERRIDE ———————
PACKAGE ———————
PAD ———————
PADDED ———————
PARAMETER ————
PARAMETERS ———————
PART ———————
PARTIAL ———————
PARTITION —————
PARTITIONED ———————
PARTITIONING ———————
PASSWORD ———————
PATH ——————
PATTERN ———————
PCTFREE ———————
PER ———————
PERCENT —————
PERCENTILE_CONT ———————
PERCENTILE_DISC ———————
PERCENT_RANK —————
PERIOD ——————
PERM ———————
PERMANENT ———————
PIECESIZE ———————
PIVOT ———————
PLACING ———————
PLAN ——————
PORTION ———————
POSITION ——————
POSITION_REGEX ———————
POSTFIX ———————
POWER ———————
PRECEDES ———————
PRECISION ——
PREFIX ———————
PREORDER ———————
PREPARE ————
PRESERVE ———————
PREVVAL ———————
PRIMARY ——
PRINT ———————
PRIOR —————
PRIQTY ———————
PRIVATE ———————
PRIVILEGES ——————
PROC ———————
PROCEDURE ——
PROFILE ———————
PROGRAM ———————
PROPORTIONAL ———————
PROTECTION ———————
PSID ———————
PTF ———————
PUBLIC ————
PURGE ———————
QUALIFIED ———————
QUALIFY ———————
QUANTILE ———————
QUERY ———————
QUERYNO ———————
RADIANS ———————
RAISERROR ———————
RANDOM ———————
RANGE ——————
RANGE_N ———————
RANK —————
RAW ———————
READ —————
READS ———
READTEXT ———————
READ_WRITE ———————
REAL —————
RECONFIGURE ———————
RECURSIVE ————
REF ——————
REFERENCES —
REFERENCING —————
REFRESH ———————
REGEXP ———————
REGR_AVGX ——————
REGR_AVGY ——————
REGR_COUNT ——————
REGR_INTERCEPT ——————
REGR_R2 ——————
REGR_SLOPE ——————
REGR_SXX ——————
REGR_SXY ——————
REGR_SYY ——————
RELATIVE ———————
RELEASE ———
RENAME ————
REPEAT ———
REPLACE ——————
REPLICATION ——————
REPOVERRIDE ———————
REQUEST ———————
REQUIRE ———————
RESIGNAL ————
RESOURCE ———————
RESTART ———————
RESTORE ——————
RESTRICT ————
RESULT ————
RESULT_SET_LOCATOR ———————
RESUME ———————
RET ———————
RETRIEVE ———————
RETURN ——
RETURNING ———————
RETURNS ————
REVALIDATE ———————
REVERT ———————
REVOKE —
RIGHT —
RIGHTS ———————
RLIKE ———————
ROLE ——————
ROLLBACK ———
ROLLFORWARD ———————
ROLLUP —————
ROUND_CEILING ———————
ROUND_DOWN ———————
ROUND_FLOOR ———————
ROUND_HALF_DOWN ———————
ROUND_HALF_EVEN ———————
ROUND_HALF_UP ———————
ROUND_UP ———————
ROUTINE ———————
ROW ——
ROWCOUNT ———————
ROWGUIDCOL ———————
ROWID ——————
ROWNUM ———————
ROWS ———
ROWSET ———————
ROW_NUMBER —————
RULE ———————
RUN ———————
RUNNING ———————
SAMPLE ———————
SAMPLEID ———————
SAVE ———————
SAVEPOINT —————
SCHEMA ————
SCHEMAS ———————
SCOPE ——————
SCRATCHPAD ———————
SCROLL —————
SEARCH ——————
SECOND ————
SECONDS ———————
SECOND_MICROSECOND ———————
SECQTY ———————
SECTION ———————
SECURITY ———————
SECURITYAUDIT ———————
SEEK ———————
SEL ———————
SELECT
SEMANTICKEYPHRASETABLE ———————
SEMANTICSIMILARITYDETAILSTABLE ———————
SEMANTICSIMILARITYTABLE ———————
SENSITIVE —————
SEPARATOR ———————
SEQUENCE ——————
SESSION ——————
SESSION_USER ——
SET —
SETRESRATE ———————
SETS ———————
SETSESSRATE ———————
SETUSER ———————
SHARE ———————
SHOW —————
SHUTDOWN ———————
SIGNAL ————
SIMILAR ——————
SIMPLE ———————
SIN ——————
SINH ——————
SIZE ——————
SKEW ———————
SKIP ———————
SMALLINT ————
SOME ——
SOUNDEX ———————
SOURCE ———————
SPACE ———————
SPATIAL ———————
SPECIFIC ———
SPECIFICTYPE ——————
SPOOL ———————
SQL ————
SQLEXCEPTION ————
SQLSTATE ————
SQLTEXT ———————
SQLWARNING ————
SQL_BIG_RESULT ———————
SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS ———————
SQL_SMALL_RESULT ———————
SQRT ——————
SS ———————
SSL ———————
STANDARD ———————
START ————
STARTING ———————
STARTUP ———————
STATE ———————
STATEMENT ——————
STATIC ————
STATISTICS ——————
STAY ———————
STDDEV_POP ——————
STDDEV_SAMP ——————
STEPINFO ———————
STOGROUP ———————
STORED ———————
STORES ———————
STRAIGHT_JOIN ———————
STRING_CS ———————
STRUCTURE ———————
STYLE ———————
SUBMULTISET ———————
SUBSCRIBER ———————
SUBSET ———————
SUBSTR ———————
SUBSTRING ——————
SUBSTRING_REGEX ———————
SUCCEEDS ———————
SUCCESSFUL ———————
SUM ——————
SUMMARY ——————
SUSPEND ———————
SYMMETRIC —————
SYNONYM ——————
SYSDATE ——————
SYSTEM —————
SYSTEM_TIME ———————
SYSTEM_USER ————
SYSTIMESTAMP ———————
TABLE
TABLESAMPLE —————
TABLESPACE ———————
TAN ——————
TANH ——————
TBL_CS ———————
TEMPORARY ———————
TERMINATE ———————
TERMINATED ———————
TEXTSIZE ———————
THAN ———————
THEN
THRESHOLD ———————
TIME ——————
TIMESTAMP ——————
TIMEZONE_HOUR —————
TIMEZONE_MINUTE —————
TINYBLOB ———————
TINYINT ———————
TINYTEXT ———————
TITLE ———————
TO
TOP ———————
TRACE ———————
TRAILING ———
TRAN ———————
TRANSACTION ——————
TRANSLATE ——————
TRANSLATE_CHK ———————
TRANSLATE_REGEX ———————
TRANSLATION ——————
TREAT —————
TRIGGER —
TRIM ——————
TRIM_ARRAY ———————
TRUE ———
TRUNCATE —————
TRY_CONVERT ———————
TSEQUAL ———————
TYPE ——————
UC ———————
UESCAPE ———————
UID ———————
UNDEFINED ———————
UNDER ———————
UNDO —————
UNION
UNIQUE
UNKNOWN —————
UNLOCK ———————
UNNEST ——————
UNPIVOT ———————
UNSIGNED ———————
UNTIL ————
UPD ———————
UPDATE —
UPDATETEXT ———————
UPPER ——————
UPPERCASE ———————
USAGE ——————
USE ——————
USER —
USING ——
UTC_DATE ———————
UTC_TIME ———————
UTC_TIMESTAMP ———————
VALIDATE ———————
VALIDPROC ———————
VALUE ————
VALUES —
VALUE_OF ———————
VARBINARY ——————
VARBYTE ———————
VARCHAR ————
VARCHAR2 ———————
VARCHARACTER ———————
VARGRAPHIC ———————
VARIABLE ——————
VARIADIC ———————
VARIANT ———————
VARYING ———
VAR_POP ——————
VAR_SAMP ——————
VCAT ———————
VERBOSE ———————
VERSIONING ——————
VIEW ————
VIRTUAL ———————
VOLATILE ——————
VOLUMES ———————
WAIT ———————
WAITFOR ———————
WHEN —
WHENEVER ————
WHERE
WHILE ——
WIDTH_BUCKET ——————
WINDOW —————
WITH
WITHIN ———————
WITHIN_GROUP ———————
WITHOUT —————
WLM ———————
WORK ———————
WRITE ——————
WRITETEXT ———————
XMLCAST ———————
XMLEXISTS ———————
XMLNAMESPACES ———————
XOR ———————
YEAR ————
YEARS ———————
YEAR_MONTH ———————
ZEROFILL ———————
ZEROIFNULL ———————
ZONE ——————

See also

References

  1. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 (Data management and interchange committee) (December 2016). ISO/IEC 9075-1:2016 Information technology — Database languages — SQL — Part 1: Framework (SQL/Framework) (Technical report) (5 ed.). Retrieved 23 December 2020.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  2. "Reserved words". IBM Knowledge Center. IBM. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  3. "Reserved Words". Mimer SQL Manuals. Mimer AB. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  4. "Keywords and Reserved Words". MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual. Oracle Corporation. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  5. "Oracle SQL Reserved Words". SQL Language Reference. Oracle Corporation. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  6. "Appendix C. SQL Key Words". PostgreSQL Documentation. PostgreSQL Global Development Group. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  7. "Reserved Keywords (Transact-SQL)". Microsoft Docs – SQL Server. Microsoft. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  8. "Reserved Words for Teradata". The Teradata Forum. Manta BlueSky. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
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