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          <div id="mw-content-text" style="direction: ltr;"><h1 class="section-heading" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" data-section-id="0">
  <span class="mw-headline" id="title_0">Perma.cc</span>
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  <p><b>Perma.cc</b> is a <a href="Web_archiving" title="Web archiving">web archiving</a> <a href="Web_service" title="Web service">service</a> for legal and academic citations founded by the <a href="Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Harvard Library</a> Innovation Lab in 2013.<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="#cite_note-3" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 3;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[3]</span></a></span></p>


<table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><caption class="fn org">perma.cc</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size"><img src="../I/Perma.cc_logo.png.webp" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="132" data-file-type="bitmap" height="39" width="220" loading="lazy"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Owner</th><td>Harvard Library Innovation Lab</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">URL</th><td class="url"><span class="url"><a href="http://perma.cc" class="external text external">perma<wbr>.cc</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Launched</th><td>September 2013<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="#cite_note-1" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 1;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[1]</span></a></span><span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="#cite_note-2" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 2;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[2]</span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Written<span>&nbsp;</span>in</th><td>Python</td></tr></tbody></table>


</div><details data-level="2" open="">
    <summary class="section-heading"><h2 id="Concept">Concept</h2></summary>
    
<p>Perma.cc was created in response to studies showing high incidences of <a href="Link_rot" title="Link rot">link rot</a> in both academic publications and judicial opinions. By archiving copies of linked resources, and providing them with a permanent URL, perma.cc is intended to provide longer-term verifiability and context for academic literature and <a href="Caselaw" title="Caselaw" class="mw-redirect">caselaw</a>. Perma.cc is administered by a network of academic and government libraries.</p>

<p>In 2016, Harvard received a $700,000 grant from the Institute for Museum and Library Services to expand development of perma.cc.<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="#cite_note-4" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 4;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[4]</span></a></span></p>


    
</details><details data-level="2" open="">
    <summary class="section-heading"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2></summary>
    
<p>Perma.cc initiates page saves by user request only, it does not crawl the web and save pages like the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. A user account is required to save a page. Its target audience are organizations such as libraries, academic journals, law courts and school faculty. It provides support for organizational membership and administration of user accounts. Metadata such as notes can be added which are viewable to members within an organization. Pages can be made public or private within an organization. In 2017, Perma.cc added individual accounts limited to 10 free page saves per month, and commercial option for non-academic organizations to create institutional accounts.<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="#cite_note-5" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 5;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[5]</span></a></span><span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="#cite_note-6" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 6;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[6]</span></a></span> In January 2019, free individual accounts stopped receiving 10 free links on a recurring basis each month.<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="#cite_note-7" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 7;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[7]</span></a></span></p>

<p>Perma.cc saves both a <a href="Web_ARChive" title="Web ARChive">Web ARChive</a> (or "warc") file format version and a screen-shot version in <a href="Portable_Network_Graphics" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a>.<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="#cite_note-8" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 8;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[8]</span></a></span></p>

<p>Perma.cc has an API for functions such as adding or deleting pages.<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="#cite_note-9" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 9;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[9]</span></a></span> Perma.cc is part of the <a href="Memento_Project" title="Memento Project">Memento</a> network; thus, all public pages can be searched for (by URL) using the Memento API.<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="#cite_note-10" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 10;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[10]</span></a></span></p>


    
</details><details data-level="2" open="">
    <summary class="section-heading"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></summary>
    
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936637989">.mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style>
<ul><li><a href="Archive.today" title="Archive.today">Archive.today</a></li>
<li><a href="Digital_preservation" title="Digital preservation">Digital preservation</a></li>
<li><a href="Link_rot" title="Link rot">Link rot</a></li>
<li><a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>
<li><a href="WebCite" title="WebCite">WebCite</a></li></ul>


    
</details><details data-level="2" open="">
    <summary class="section-heading"><h2 id="References">References</h2></summary>
    
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="mw-references references"><li id="cite_note-1"> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-1" class="mw-reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChant" class="citation web cs1">Chant, Ian. <a href="http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2013/10/academic-libraries/perma-cc-aims-to-bring-staying-power-to-online-legal-citations/#_" class="external text external">"Perma.cc Aims to Bring Staying Power to Online Legal Citations"</a>. <i>Library Journal</i>. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003025749/http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2013/10/academic-libraries/perma-cc-aims-to-bring-staying-power-to-online-legal-citations/" class="external text external">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span></li><li id="cite_note-2"> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-2" class="mw-reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips" class="citation web cs1">Phillips, Matt. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130925172231/http://librarylab.law.harvard.edu/blog/2013/09/24/perma-cc/" class="external text external">"Perma.cc"</a>. <i>Harvard Library Innovation Lab Blog</i>. Archived from <a href="http://librarylab.law.harvard.edu/blog/2013/09/24/perma-cc/" class="external text external">the original</a> on 25 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span></li><li id="cite_note-3"> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-3" class="mw-reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLepore2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="Jill_Lepore" title="Jill Lepore">Lepore, Jill</a> (26 January 2015). <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/01/26/cobweb" class="external text external">"What the Web Said Yesterday"</a>. <i><a href="The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span></li><li id="cite_note-4"> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-4" class="mw-reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a href="https://today.law.harvard.edu/harvards-perma-cc-receives-grant-expand-tools-saving-sources-web-2/" class="external text external">"Harvard's Perma.cc receives grant to expand its tools for saving sources on the Web"</a>. <i>Harvard Law Today</i>. April 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span></li><li id="cite_note-5"> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-5" class="mw-reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a href="https://perma.cc/sign-up" class="external text external">"Perma.cc for individual users"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2017</span>. <q>Anyone can create a free, individual Perma.cc account, which will allow you to create ten links per month.</q></cite></span></li><li id="cite_note-6"> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-6" class="mw-reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a href="https://perma.cc/terms-of-service" class="external text external">"Websites change. Perma Links don't"</a>.</cite></span></li><li id="cite_note-7"> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-7" class="mw-reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a href="https://blogs.harvard.edu/perma/2019/01/07/introducing-individual-account-subscription-tiers-for-perma/" class="external text external">"Introducing Individual Account Subscription Tiers for Perma"</a>. <i>Perma.cc Blog</i>. 2019-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-04</span></span>.</cite></span></li><li id="cite_note-8"> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-8" class="mw-reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a href="https://perma.cc/docs/perma-link-creation#about-perma-records" class="external text external">"About Perma Records"</a>. <i>Perma.cc</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span></li><li id="cite_note-9"> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-9" class="mw-reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a href="https://perma.cc/docs/developer" class="external text external">"Perma.cc API for developers"</a>. <i>Perma.cc</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span></li><li id="cite_note-10"> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-10" class="mw-reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a href="http://mementoweb.org/depot/native/perma/" class="external text external">"Memento Depot - perma.cc"</a>. <i>Memento</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span></li></ol></div>


    
</details><details data-level="2" open="">
    <summary class="section-heading"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></summary>
    
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a href="https://perma.cc" class="external text external">Official website</a></span></span></li>
<li><a href="https://perma.cc/contingency-plan" class="external text external">Contingency plan</a></li></ul>

<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Digital_preservation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div id="Digital_preservation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Digital_preservation" title="Digital preservation">Digital preservation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Digital_artifactual_value" title="Digital artifactual value">Artifactual value</a></li>
<li><a href="Digital_curation" title="Digital curation">Curation</a></li>
<li><a href="Digital_dark_age" title="Digital dark age">Dark age</a></li>
<li><a href="Digital_obsolescence" title="Digital obsolescence">Obsolescence</a></li>
<li><a href="Open_Archival_Information_System" title="Open Archival Information System">Open Archival Information System</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Digital_forensics" title="Digital forensics">Forensics</a></li>
<li><a href="Emulator#In_preservation" title="Emulator">Emulation</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By type</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Conservation_and_restoration_of_time-based_media_art" title="Conservation and restoration of time-based media art">Artworks</a></li>
<li><a href="Email_archiving" title="Email archiving">Email</a></li>
<li><a href="Web_archiving" title="Web archiving">Websites</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>Computer museums</li>
<li><a href="Digital_Curation_Centre" title="Digital Curation Centre">Digital Curation Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="National_Digital_Information_Infrastructure_and_Preservation_Program" title="National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program">National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program</a> (USA)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_digital_preservation_initiatives" title="List of digital preservation initiatives">Preservation initiatives</a></li>
<li><a href="Timeline_of_digital_preservation" title="Timeline of digital preservation">Timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="Timeline_of_audio_formats" title="Timeline of audio formats">Timeline of audio formats</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Web_archiving_initiatives" title="List of Web archiving initiatives">Web archiving initiatives</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_years_in_home_video" title="List of years in home video">Years in home video</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span><span><img src="../I/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png.webp" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" data-file-type="drawing" height="14" width="16" loading="lazy"></span></span> Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>




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