conio.h

conio.h is a C header file used mostly by MS-DOS compilers to provide console input/output.[1] It is not part of the C standard library or ISO C, nor is it defined by POSIX.

"Conio" redirects here. For the profanity, see coño on Wiktionary.

This header declares several useful library functions for performing "console input and output" from a program. Most C compilers that target DOS, Windows 3.x, Phar Lap, DOSX, OS/2, or Win32[2] have this header and supply the associated library functions in the default C library. Most C compilers that target UNIX and Linux do not have this header and do not supply the library functions. Some embedded systems or cc65 use a conio-compatible library.[3]

The library functions declared by conio.h vary somewhat from compiler to compiler. As originally implemented in Lattice C, the various functions mapped directly to the first few DOS INT 21H functions. The library supplied with Borland's Turbo C did not use the DOS API but instead accessed video RAM directly for output and used BIOS interrupt calls. This library also has additional functions inspired from the successful Turbo Pascal one.

Compilers that target non-DOS operating systems, such as Linux or OS/2, provide similar solutions; the unix-related curses library is very common here. Another example is SyncTERM's ciolib. The version of conio.h done by DJ Delorie for the GO32 extender is particularly extensive.[4]

Member functions
kbhitDetermines if a keyboard key was pressed
cgetsReads a string directly from the console
cscanfReads formatted values directly from the console
putchWrites a character directly to the console
cputsWrites a string directly to the console
cprintfFormats values and writes them directly to the console
clrscrClears the screen
getchGet char entry from the console

References
  1. Schildt, Herbert (1995). C: The Complete Reference (3rd ed.). Berkeley, Calif.: Osborne McGraw-Hill. p. 288. ISBN 0-07-882101-0. For DOS-compatible compilers, the direct console I/O functions generally use the CONIO.H header file.
  2. "Console and Port I/O in MSDN".
  3. "MicroVGA conio Text User Interface Library".
  4. "DJGPP C Library Reference – conio".
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